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D&T2 Exam 2 > Seizures- Ferguson > Flashcards

Seizures- Ferguson Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

what age group has a higher incidence of epilepsy

A

young children

elderly

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2
Q

what gender does epilepsy present in more

A

male

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3
Q

what is an epileptic seizure

A

temporary physiologic dysfunction of the brain caused by a self-limited, abnormal synchronous electrical discharge of cortical neurons

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4
Q

the particular manifestations of any single seizure depend on what 4 things

A
  1. whether most or only part of the cerebral cortex is involved at the beginning
  2. functions of the cortical areas where the seizure originates
  3. subsequent pattern of spread of the electrical ictal discharge within the brain
  4. extent to which subcortical and brain stem structures are engaged
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5
Q

define seizure

A

transient epileptic event

symptom of disturbed brain function

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6
Q

what makes a seizure not an epilespy

A

no underlying disorder

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7
Q

define epilepsy

A

chronic disorder

recurrence of seizures that are typically 2 unprovoked at LEAST 24 HOURS APART

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8
Q

what are 2 types of seizures? define them

A

partial or focal seizures: onset limited to a part of the cerebral hemisphere
generalized seizure: involve the brain diffusely from the beginning

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9
Q

what is the second physiological principle of seizures according to the International League Against Epilepsy

A

dynamic and evolving

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10
Q

what is the partial seizures subdivision based upon? what are the divisions?

A

consciousness
simple partial: perserved
complex partial: altered

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11
Q

simple partial seizures can evolve into what

A

complex partial seizures and

generalized seizures

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12
Q

what is the subdivsion of generalized seizures

A

presence or absence of focal onset

character of ictal motor manifestations

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13
Q

How do simple partial seizures spread

A

they don’t

epileptogenic focus: limited to an area of cortex

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14
Q

can simple partial seizure patients interact with their surroundings and interact with others

A

yes

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15
Q

what does the patient experience with simple partial seizures

A

auras

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16
Q

how does brain charge spread in complex partial seizures? what areas are at least infected

A

bilateral spread of seizure discharge

basal forebrain and limbic areas

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17
Q

what are clinical manifestations of complex partial seziures

A

automatisms: lip smaking, repeated swallowing

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18
Q

where do most complex partial seizures arise from? the rest arise from where

A

temporal lobe

rest come from: frontal and occipital lobes

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19
Q

Generalized tonic-clonic seizures are characterized by what

A

abrupt loss of consciousness with bilateral tonic extension of the trunk and limbs (tonic phase)

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20
Q

Generalized tonic-clonic seizures are accompanied by what clinical manifestations

A 
loud vocalization (epileptic cry)  followed by
synchronous muscle jerking (clonic phase)
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21
Q

clincally postictally, how do patients present with Generalized tonic-clonic seizures

A

briefly unarousable,
lethargic
confused
prefer sleeping

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22
Q

Absence (petit mal) seizures

A

momentary lapses in awareness that are accompanied by motionless starring and arrest of ongoing activity

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23
Q

longer attacks of absence (petit mal) seizures may have what clinical symptoms

A

jerks of eyelid for facial muscle

variable loss of muscle tone and automatism

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24
Q

when is the term atypical absence seizure used?

A

when an absence seizure has blurred beginning and end or if tonic and autonomic components are uncluded

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25
atypical absence seizure are seen in what patients
``` children with epilepsy epileptic encephalopathies ( Lennox-Gastaut syndrome) ```
26
what characterizes Myoclonic seizures
rapid, brief muscle jerks bilaterally, synchronously, or asynchronously or unilaterally
27
what are atonic (astatic) seizures also called
drop attacks
28
what characterizes atonic seizures
sudden loss of muscle tone, | may be fragmentary ( head drops) or generalized (resulting in full body fall)
29
what can a neonatal seizure indicate in a baby
injury to developing brian
30
what are the classifications of neonatal seizures
subtle clonic tonic myoclonic
31
Symptomatic cases of West Syndrome have what serious etiologies
``` cerebral dysgenesis tuberous sclerosis phenylketonuria intrauterine infections hypoxic-ischemic injury ```
32
what characterizes a West Syndrome
sudden flexor or extensor spasms that involve the head, trunk, and limb simultaneously
33
when do West syndrome attacks usually begin
6 months of age
34
what does the EEG show for West Syndrome
hypsarrthymia
35
another name for West Syndrome
infantile syndrome
36
when trying to treat infantile syndrome what are they resistant to
traditional anti-epileptic drugs
37
what can treat infantile syndrome
ACTH | expensive
38
Childhood absence epilepsy
recurrent absence seizures
39
age group for childhood absence epilespy
4-10
40
what is the typical EEG pattern for childhood absence epilepsy
3Hz Spike and Wave
41
WHAT IS THE TREATMENT CHOICE FOR Childhood Absence Epilepsy
Ethosuximide
42
how are the children when they have childhood Absence Epilepsy
normally intellectually and neurologically
43
what characterizes Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
mental retardation uncontrolled Seizures characteristic EEG pattern
44
what is a surgery intervention for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
vagal nerve stimulation
45
when do Lennox-Gastaut syndrome usually begin
by age 4
46
what are febrile seizures
generalized convulsions which occur with fever
47
what is the characteristic of the fever that occurs in febrile seizures
how rapidly the fever rises not how high the temperature gets
48
what are 3 rules about febrile seizure
- 1/3 will have more than 1 episode - risk for developing epilepsy is same for general population - no imaging or treatment required
49
how are Benign Focal Epilepsy of Childhood variable
daytime: speech arrest, paresthesia of tongue nighttime: appears as global tonic clonic activity
50
what is the onset of Benign Focal Epilepsy of Childhood variable
between 4-13 years who are otherwise NORMAL
51
how do you treat Benign Focal Epilepsy of Childhood
Carbamazepine
52
what is the prognosis of Benign Focal Epilepsy of Childhood
good, seizures disappear by mid to late adolescence
53
what is Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
myoclonic jerks, usually in morning
54
what is the age onset for Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
8-20 | usually have family history of epilepsy
55
what is the drug to treat Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Valporic acid
56
what treatment makes Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy worse
Carbamazepine
57
what is the most common epilepsy syndrome in adults? location
mesial temporal lobe epilepsy | hippocampus
58
temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with what clinical symptoms
auras with complex partial seizures
59
what are clinical manifestations of Frontal lobe Epilepsy
dancing, singing
60
what are the EEG changes of Frontal lobe Epilepsy
none, minimal
61
why do non-epileptic spells ocur
a stress response

D&T2 Exam 2 (14 decks)

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