Selection criteria

Question 1

What principle do we follow in radiography

Answer 1

ALARP

Question 2

What does the principle ALARP stand for

Answer 2

As
Low
As
Reasonably
Possible

Question 3

How do we follow the ALARP principle

Answer 3

1. Dose optimisation by choice of technique
2. Use of selection criteria to justify all exposures
3. Production of optimal quality images

Question 3

How do we follow the ALARP principle

Answer 3

1. Dose optimisation by choice of technique
2. Use of selection criteria to justify all exposures
3. Production of optimal quality images

Question 4

Prior to undertaking a radiographic investigation what questions should you ask

Answer 4

1. Has to been done already
2. Do I need it now
3. Is It the best investigation
4. Are they all needed
5. Have I explained the problem

Question 5

What does a radiographic justification require

Answer 5

That the patients receive a NET BENEFIT from the exposure

Question 6

What factos can affect decision making

Answer 6

1. Litigation
2. patient expectations
3. Peer pressure
4. Fixed practices

Question 7

Which selection criteria do we use

Answer 7

1. Radiate protection
2. Selection criteria for dental radiographs by FGDP

Question 8

What does the FGDP selection criteria for dental radiograph include

Answer 8

1. Developing dentition
2. Dental caries diagnosis
3. Periodontal assessment
4. Endodontics
5. Implantology

Question 9

How are the grades of recommendations given for evidence based guidelines

Answer 9

Grade A B or C

Question 10

What is a grade A of recommendation

Answer 10

When the evidence given has gone through at least one randomised clinical trial

Question 11

What is a grade B of recommendation

Answer 11

Where the evidence has been collected from well conducted clinical studies bu no studies at randomised clinical trials

Question 12

What is a grade C of recommendation

Answer 12

When evidence comes from expert repots or options and or clinical experiences of respected authorities

Question 13

What grade of recommendation do most dental selection criteria have

Answer 13

Grade C
Apart from I the diagnosis of caries where the evidence is ranked an A grade

Question 14

What are some problems with caries diagnosis from a radiograph

Answer 14

1. Overlapping contacts
2. Cervical burn out
3. The mach effect
4. Corrosion products from liners and amalgams
5. Heavily restored dentition

Question 15

Why do we get cervical burn out

Answer 15

Due to x rays over penetrating or burning out the thinner tooth edge reducing in this area appearing like a radiolucent band around the necks of teeth

Question 16

What is the Mach Effect

Answer 16

A visual effect when uniformly dark area meets uniformly light areas making the dark shade appear darker and the lighter shade appear lighter

Question 17

What is the frequency of taking x rays in a child or adult dependent on

Answer 17

Dental caries risk

Question 18

How often should a high dental caries risk child have their x rays taken

Answer 18

6 month bitewings until no new or active lesions arise or until patient changes into a different risk category

Question 19

How often should a moderate dental caries risk child have their x rays taken

Answer 19

Annual bitewings

Question 20

How often should a low dental caries risk child have their x rays taken

Answer 20

12-18 months bitewings in the primary dentition
2 Yeats bitewings in the permanent dentition

Question 21

Describe a child of high caries risk

Answer 21

1. No fluoride in their water
2. Don’t use fluoridated toothpaste
3. Have a high sugar diet or sugary medication

Question 22

How often should a high dental caries risk adult have their x rays taken

Answer 22

6 monthly bitewings

Question 23

How often should a moderate dental caries risk adult have their x rays taken

Answer 23

Annual bitewings

Question 24

How often should a low dental caries risk adult have their x rays taken

Answer 24

2 yearly bitewings

Question 25

What information does a panoramic radiograph show you

Answer 25

Entire dentition on one film

Question 26

What are the benefits of a panoramic radiograph

Answer 26

1. Time efficiency 2. Lower patient dose compared to full mouth PAs 3. patients tolerate it better

Question 27

What are some of the disadvantages of a panoramic radiograph

Answer 27

1. May have soem overlapping teeth in some areas 2. Careful patient positioning required

Question 28

Do we take bitewings to aid with a diagnosis of periodontal disease

Answer 28

no

Question 29

When should we take radiographs in regards to periodontal disease

Answer 29

If a stage 3/4 BPE is obtained Code 3 use existing bitewings or take OPT/ PAs as indicated Code 4 take OPT or full mouth PAs as indicated

Question 30

What are radiographs used to do in periodontal disease diagnosis

Answer 30

Stage and grade

Question 31

When do we need to take radiographs in Endodontics

Answer 31

1. Pre op 2. Working length 3. Mod fill in difficult cases 4. Post obturation radiographs 5. Follow up radiographs

Question 32

When do take a follow up radiograph following Endodontics treatmetn

Answer 32

1 year unless you have a large periapical lesion

Question 33

When might we take a cone beam CT in Endodontics

Answer 33

Indicated when: 1. planning for surgical procedure 2. Resorption cases 3. In cases Complicated by concurrent factors

Question 34

When must we take a CBCT

Answer 34

In implant planning

Question 35

Should panoramic be taken routinely to screen fro disease

Answer 35

no

Question 36

List the referral criteria for panoramic radiography

Answer 36

1. Bony lesion no completely demonstrated on intra orals 2. Grossly neglected dentition 3. Wisdom teeth assessment prior to surgical intervention 4. Jaw trauma 5. As part of an orthodontic assessment 6. For periodontal disease

Question 37

For 3rd molar assessments which radiograph should we take

Answer 37

Panoramic

Question 38

Why do we take panoramic when carrying out a third molar assessment

Answer 38

It shows us: 1. presence of caries/ resorption 2. Type and degree of impaction 3. Course and relationship of ID canal

Question 39

When should third molar assessment be carried out

Answer 39

1. If patient is in pain 2. If clinical indication of disease or pathology

Question 40

Why do we take panoramics following jaw trauma

Answer 40

Panoramics show fractures really well in the mandible

Question 41

Which type of jaw fractures are not shown well on a panoramic

Answer 41

High condylar fractures

Question 42

Other than clinical indication what is another key factor we must consider to assess if a panoramic is justified

Answer 42

Age

Question 43

Why is age an important factor to consider justification of a panoramic

Answer 43

If you take a panoramic on a too young child you may get: 1. Movement artefacts 2. They may not fit the focal trough 3. They may have to stand on a stool if they are too small (Health and safety risks) 4. Doesn't tend to change the management

Question 44

What is THE youngest age of a child we would take a panoramic on

Answer 44

5 years

Question 45

What do we take prior to panoramic radiography

Answer 45

Clinical history

Question 46

Give some selection criterias for intramural radiogrpahy

Answer 46

1. Caries 2. Periodontal disease 3. Endodontics 4. Pre extraction ?

Question 47

Do we always need to take a radiogrpah prior to extraction

Answer 47

no not always

Question 48

When is a pre extraction radiograph indicated

Answer 48

1. A history of previous difficult extraction 2. A clinical suspicion of unusual anatomy 3. A medical history placing the patient at special risk of complications were encountered prior to orthodontics 4. Impacted teeth or have a close relationship to anatomical structures