Selective Breeding

Question 1

What is selective breeding used for?

Answer 1

Humans use selective breeding to pass wanted traits on to the next generation of organisms

Question 2

What do the native Americans selectively bred?

Answer 2

Teosinte (a wild grass) to produce corn

Question 3

Common methods of selective breeding?

Answer 3

Hybridization and inbreeding

Question 4

Greatest selective breeder of all time?

Answer 4

Luther burbank (american)

Question 5

What is hybridization

Answer 5

Crossing disimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organims

Question 6

Example of hybridization in plants

Answer 6

Combine the disease resistance of one plant with the food-producing capacity of another

Question 7

Speciation?

Answer 7

Production of new species (by selective breeding or natural processes)

Question 8

Types of hybridization?

Answer 8

Interspecific - two individuals of different species (mule = donkey +horse)
Intraspecific - genetically divergent individuals from the same species (self pollination of corn)

Question 9

What is inbreeding?

Answer 9

Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics. Close related species (like cousins or siblings)

Question 10

Traits in inbreeding

Answer 10

Homozygous (aa or AA)

Question 11

Types of inbreeding

Answer 11

Self fertilization (plants) and line breeding (pedigree)

Question 12

Disadvantage of inbreeding

Answer 12

Increasing the chances of developing genetic deffects (twi recessive alleles)

Question 13

Ferltility in hybridization and inbreeding

Answer 13

Fertile in inbreeding and infertile in hybridization

Question 14

How do people oncrease genetic variation?

Answer 14

Breeders can increase the genetic variation in a population by introducing mutations, ehich are the ultimate source of biological diversity

Question 15

What is biotechnology

Answer 15

Application of technological process, invention, or method to living organisms

Question 16

Form of biotechnology

Answer 16

Selective breeding (important in medicine and agriculture

Question 17

Tecniques breeders use to increase variation

Answer 17

Biotechnology
Bacterial mutations
Polyploid plants

Question 18

What Converts plants to polyploids

Answer 18

Colchicine (causes cancer to humans)

Question 19

Give an example of selective breeding

Answer 19

Hybridization or inbreeding

Question 20

What is the relationship between genetic variations and mutations?

Answer 20

Genetic variation is when there is different kinds of animals and plants but sometimes scientists want ti increase variations so they use mutations

Question 21

How can breeders induce mutations?

Answer 21

Mutations are introduced by chemicals or radiation

Question 22

How is selective breeding a form of biotechnology?

Answer 22

Selective breeding uses technology and methods to alter genes of organisms for himan benefit

Question 23

What are mutations

Answer 23

Heritable changes in dna

Question 24

Use of mutations

Answer 24

Breeders can often produce a few mutants with useful characteristics that are not found in the original population

Question 25

Common mutants

Answer 25

Bacterias because they are small so millions of bacterias can be treated with radiation or chemicals at the same time

Question 26

What are poluploid plants

Answer 26

Plants that have many full sets of chromosomes

Question 27

What can polyploidy produce?

Answer 27

New species of plants that are larger and stronger than their diploid relatives

Question 28

Examples of polyploids crips

Answer 28

``` Domestic oat Peanut Sugar cane Banana Cotton ```

Question 29

Why do we need genetic variation?

Answer 29

A whole species can disappear if they are not diverse

Question 30

Selective bred example

Answer 30

Crop plants with better yields Ornamental plants with particular flower shapes and colors Farm animals that produce more, better quality meat or wool

Question 31

Problems with selective breeding

Answer 31

1) population of animals or plants with very similar genetics 2) population will have the same strenghts but also the same weakneses 3) infectious disease are more easily widespread

Question 32

What are pure bred and give emples

Answer 32

Producing genetically identical offspring an organism is purebres. Example: labrador retriever and siamese cat

Question 33

What is line breeding

Answer 33

Breeding together more distant relatives like cousins. Reduces the rate at which the vreed becomes purebredbut also reduces ill health

Question 34

What do you use to create a hybrid?

Answer 34

Crossbreeding

Question 35

Selective breeding vs natural selection

Answer 35

Natural selection is driven by environmental factors that limit survival and reproductions such as harsh environments or competition for mates. And selective breeding is artificial selection

Question 36

how can breeders increase the mutation rate

Answer 36

by using radiation or chemicals.

Question 37

example of mutant bacteria

Answer 37

strains of oil digesting bacteria are effective for cleaning up oil spills