Selective Terms

Question 1

Apraxia

Answer 1

Inability to perform movements, not from loss of strength or coordination

Ideational: cannot perform at all
Ideomotor: cannot perform on command

Question 2

Astereognosis

Answer 2

Inability to recognize objects by touch alone

Question 3

Athetosis

Answer 3

Slow, involuntary, wormlike, twisting motions

Cerebral palsy

Question 4

Cheyne Stokes Respirations

Answer 4

Bizzarre breathing pattern characterized by a period of apnea

Lasting 10–60 seconds, followed by gradually increasing, then decreasing depth and frequency of respirations

Can occur with severe traumatic brain injury or coronary heart failure

Question 5

Chorea

Answer 5

Rapid, involuntary, jerky movements

Huntington’s

Question 6

Clonus

Answer 6

Rhythmic oscillation of a muscle in response to sustain stretch in patients with upper motor neuron disease

Question 7

Decerebrate rigidity

Answer 7

Contraction of upper extremity and lower extremity extensor muscles

From brainstem injury

Question 8

Decorticate rigidity

Answer 8

Contraction of upper extremity flexors with lower extremity extensors

Question 9

Dysmetria

Answer 9

Inability to judge distances – seen in cerebellar dysfunction

Question 10

Horner’s Syndrome

Answer 10

Ptosis of eyelid, constriction of pupil, lack of sweating at ipsilateral face

From stroke or anterior – inferior, for posterior-inferior cerebellar artery

Question 11

Morton’s neuroma

Answer 11

Excessive pronation during stance leads to compression of third and fourth metatarsal’s

Nerve can enlarge, forming neuroma

Question 12

Somatognosia

Answer 12

Lack of body awareness/relationships

Question 13

Apraxia vs ataxia

Answer 13

Apraxia – inability to perform voluntary movement from brain damage

Ataxia – lack of coordination

Question 14

Agnosia

Answer 14

Inability to recognize familiar objects with one form of sensation, example visual agnosia

Question 15

Lead pipe rigidity

Answer 15

Uniform throughout

Basal ganglia lesions

Question 16

Cogwheel rigidity

Answer 16

Series of jerks, phasic resistance

Common with Parkinson’s disease

Question 17

Tics

Answer 17

Spasmodic contraction, often head and upper extremity

Common with basal ganglia

Question 18

Axonomesis

Answer 18

Example crush injury

Regeneration possible

Question 19

Neurotmesis

Answer 19

Severing of the nerve, regeneration fails without surgery

Question 20

Heart rate in patients with spinal cord injury

Answer 20

Lower heart rate values from decreased sympathetic activity

Question 21

Two point discrimination

Answer 21

Smallest of value indicates smallest distance

Most refined: distal extremities, face