Self and Identity Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is a sense of self ?
awareness of the self as differentiated from
other people
what is the definition of individual self ?
parts of the self that make a person unique. These can include traits, hobbies, goals
what is the definition of relational self?
parts of the self as a social partner with other people. you can be a friend, parent or romantic partner.
what is the definition of collective self?
parts of self within a larger group. for example, you have an ethnicity, gender, and nationality
how do infants show self-awareness?
they imitate caregivers, this suggests that they aware that their body is separate from other
how do toddlers show self-awareness?
By 18-24 months, they can clearly differentiate themselves from others. This can be proven through testing if toddlers can recognize themselves in the mirror
what is the development of self(Harter)?
Children’s views of themselves become more specific,
abstract, psychological, and coherent as they grow up
how do 3-4-year-olds describe themselves?
in terms of observable features and preferences. these are concrete but not always accurate
how do 5-7-year-olds describe themselves?
in terms of general competencies which are globally positive and they tend to overestimate abilities that they want to have
how do 8-10-year-olds describe themselves?
in terms of unique abilities and comparable competencies. this description tends to align with the values of the child’s culture
how do 11-13-year-olds describe themselves?
in terms of social relationships and other stable psychological traits
how do 14-16-year-olds describe themselves?
self-description tends to be introspective because they are occupied by what their peers think of them and they are sensitive to outside output.
how do 17+-year-olds describe themselves?
in terms of personal values, beliefs, and moral standards. they integrate contradictory attributes and they tend to have a more coherent theory of self
what is self-esteem?
a global evaluation of one’s worth as a person
what are the benefits of having high self-esteem?
Higher school success
Better relationships with parents, peers
Less anxiety, depression
Less worry about failure or rejection
what are the benefits of having high self-esteem?
More risky behavior (e.g., drinking, drug use)
More bullying, aggression
More likely to view risky or aggressive behavior as
acceptable
what is an identity?
An identity furnishes individuals with a historical sense of who they have been, a meaningful sense of who they are now, and a sense of who they might become in the future
when is identity development especially salient?
Adolescence
Identity Achievement
Commitment & Exploration
Identity Moratorium
No Commitment & Exploration
Identity Foreclosure
Commitment & No Exploration
Identity Diffusion
No Commitment & No Exploration
when does extended identity exploration happen?
emerging adulthood (18-25)
what is a racial or ethnic identity?
it is a sense of belonging with an ethnic or racial group and its values and traditions
