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Psychology > Self and personality > Flashcards

Self and personality Flashcards

1
Q

Which self modifies itself in the context of socio-cultural envirnment?

A

Biological self

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2
Q

What is the notion of self efficacy based on?

A

Bandura’s social learning theory

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3
Q

What are western and asian cultures characterised as based on the dichomoties between individual and group?

A

Western culture if recognized as individualistic and asian culture is characterised as collectivistic.

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4
Q

Cross-situational consistencies of traits are high. True or false?

A

False. Cross-situational consistencies are low.

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5
Q

Which are the two typologies in charak samhita?

A

Tridosha and Trigunas.

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6
Q

Who proposed the typology based on fluid in our body?

A

Hippocrates

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7
Q

What are the four types in Hippocrates typology?

A

Sanguine, melancholic, phlegmatic, choleric

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8
Q

What are the three types of tridoshas?

A

Vata, Pitta, and Kapha

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9
Q

what are the three types of trigunas?

A

Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas

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10
Q

Name the three types in Sheldon’s typology.

A

Endomorphic, Mesomorphic, Ectomorphic

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11
Q

What were Friedman and Rosenman trying to identify when they discovered Type-A and type-B personality types?

A

Psychosocial risk factors

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12
Q

Who suggested the type-C personality?

A

Morris

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13
Q

Who is considered the pioneer of trait approach?

A

Gordon Allport

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14
Q

According to Gordon Allport, what is the nature of traits?

A

Dynamic nature

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15
Q

Who used factor analysis to derive his theory?

A

Raymond Catell

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16
Q

name the test developed by Raymond Catell.

A

Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire(16PF)

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17
Q

Who proposed a theory stating that personality can be reduced into dimensions based on biology and genetics?

A

HJ Eysenck

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18
Q

Name the two psychologists who came up with the Big Five Factors.

A

Paul Costa and Robert McCrae

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19
Q

Which is the most empirical approach in the study of personality?

A

Five-Factor Model of Personality

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20
Q

On which principle does id function?

A

Pleasure principle

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21
Q

Which principle governs the ego?

A

Reality principle

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22
Q

How does the superego control the id?

A

By internalising the parental authority through the process of socialisation.

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23
Q

Which forces energise the id?

A

Life instinct and death instinct

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24
Q

According to Frued, if a person considers the world a bitter place then on which stage of personality development that did that person endure difficulties?

A

Oral stage

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25
Q

What conflict does the anal stage establish in a child?

A

Conflict between id and ego

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26
Q

Which is the critical component of the resolution of the Oedipus complex?

A

Identification with the same-sex parent.

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27
Q

What causes psychological disorders, according to Karen Horney?

A

Disturbed interpersonal relationships during childhood.

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28
Q

Name Carl Jung’s personality theory.

A

Analytical psychology

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29
Q

Name Alfred Adler’s theory.

A

Individual psychology

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30
Q

Who considered humans as social beings?

A

Eric Fromm

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31
Q

The behaviour approach gives importance to internal dynamics of behaviour. True or false?

A

False. The behaviourists believe in data.

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32
Q

For most behaviorists, what is the structural unit of personality?

A

Response

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33
Q

Name two people who have contributed to the development of humanistic perpective.

A

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

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34
Q

Which condition was named by Carl Rogers to ensure enhancement of people’s self-concept?

A

Unconditional positive regard

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35
Q

Name the therapy technique developed by Carl Rogers.

A

Client-centered therapy

36
Q

Name the theory introduced by Maslow.

A

Hierarchy of needs

37
Q

Who used factor analysis to come up with primary traits?

A

Raymond catell

38
Q

who suggested that the best method to assess someone was to ask them about themselves?

A

Gordon Allport

39
Q

what are the full forms of MMPI and JMPI?

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory

Jodhpur Multiphasic Personality Inventory

40
Q

How many statements does MMPI have?

A

567 statements

41
Q

who developed mmpi and jmpi?

A

hathaway and McKinley

mallick and joshi

42
Q

how many traits are present in each dimension of EPQ?

A

32

43
Q

Projective techniques give objective scoring and are quantitative. true or false?

A

False. they cannot be scored in an objective manner and are qualitative.

44
Q

who developed the rorschach inkblot test?

A

Hermann rorschach

45
Q

How many inkblots are there in the rorschach test?

A

10

46
Q

which are the two phases of the rorschach inkblot test?

A

performance proper and inquiry

47
Q

for which projective technique has a computer technique for analysis available?

A

rorschach inkblot test

48
Q

full form of TAT?

A

The Thematic Apperception test.

49
Q

Who developed TAT?

A

Morgan and Murray

50
Q

How many cards are present in TAT and how many cards are suffiecient per person?

A

30 are present and 20 are appropriate for a subject.

51
Q

who developed the indian version of TAT?

A

Uma chaudhury

52
Q

which projective technique focuses on aggression?

A

Rosenzweig’s Picture-Frustration Study (P-F study)

53
Q

who developed indian version of P-F study?

A

Pareek

54
Q

omission of facial features in draw a person test suggest?

A

evasion of highly conflict ridden interpersonal relaltionship.

55
Q

emphasis on neck in draw a person test suggests?

A

lack of control over impulses

56
Q

disproportionately large head in draw a person test suggests?

A

organic brain disease and pre-occupation with headaches.

57
Q

which interveiw method goes beyond the response of subject?

A

Diagnostic interviews

58
Q

it is impossible to not have an idea of your self. true/false?

A

false, a newly born child has no idea of its self.

59
Q

self is a part of identity. true/false?

A

false, idendity is a part of self

60
Q

what do you think forms the basis of self?

A

experiences

61
Q

what is frequent method used to find out someone’s self concept?

A

asking them about themselves directly

62
Q

in which areas do children form a sense of self esteem by the age of 6 or 7?

A

academic competence, social competence, physical/ athletic competence and physical appearance

63
Q

what are some psychological techniques for self control?

A

observation of own behaviour, self instruction and self reinforcement.

64
Q

what is the nature of the boundary between self and the other?

A

shifting nature

65
Q

from where has the meaning of the word personalit been derived from?

A

latin word ‘persona’, a mask used in roman theatres by actors to change their face make up

66
Q

according to gordon allport, what role do traits play in response to a stimulus?

A

traits are considered intervening variables that occur between the stimulus situation and response of the person

67
Q

according to allport, variation in traits doesn’t affect the response to a stimulus situation. true/false?

A

false, any variation in traits will ellicit a different response to the same situation

68
Q

who believed that thereis a common structure on which people differ from each other?

A

raymond catell

69
Q

which claim given by frued in terms of a particular defense mechanism has been debunked by studies?

A

projection reduces anxiety and stress

70
Q

which instinctual force energises the id? what principle governs it?

A

libido, pleasure principle

71
Q

name the stages where:

i) sexual urges are inactive
ii) conflict between ego and id arises
iii) child becomes aware of sexuality
iv) interaction with the opposite sex in a mature way
v) feelings about the world are established

A 
latency 
anal
phallic 
genital
oral
72
Q

failure to pass successfully from a stage can lead to which two outcomes?

A

fixation and regression

73
Q

what are the names of the theories that came after frued’s?

A

neo-analytic or post-freudian theories

74
Q

archetypes in our collective unconscious are aquired. true/false?

A

false, they are inherited

75
Q

women are more likely to be affected by biological factors. true/false?

A

false, women are more likely to be affected by socio and cultural factors

76
Q

according to behaviorists, what is considered as personality development?

A

change in response characteristics

77
Q

according to carl rogers, what is the motivating force behing personality development?

A

fulfillment

78
Q

according to carl rogers, how do people maximise self concept?

A

self actualisation

79
Q

answers given through self report measures are accepted at their face value and are quantitative. true/false?

A

true

80
Q

which test helps to identify varieties of psychopathology?

A

MMPI

81
Q

what problems can self report measures suffer from?

A

social desirability and acquiescence

82
Q

stimuli used in projective techniques are properly defined and structures. true/false?

A

false, they are fully instructured and poorly defined

83
Q

projective techniques can be scored objectively. true/false?

A

false

84
Q

what are the two stages of rorschach inkblot test?

A

performance proper and inquiry

85
Q

projective tecniques is a direct personality assessment. true/false?

A

false, it is an indirect pers. assessment

86
Q

what is a drawback of projective techniques?

A

there are problems associated with reliability of scoring and validity of the tests

Psychology (3 decks)

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