Self and Personality Flashcards
(57 cards)
Define self.
The various ideas that we hold about ourselves is called self.
Self is modifiable and is influenced by the environment as well as the people.
Define personality
The relatively stable pattern of behaviors is known as personality.
Name and define the two types of identities with examples.
Personal identity:
- defining ones self by their characteristics, qualities, potentials, beliefs, etc.
- eg: I like eating food, I am honest
Social identity:
- defining ones self in relation to a social or cultural group.
- eg: I am a Hindu, I am a South Indian etc.
Define self as a subject and self as an object with examples.
Self as a subject: - the self that performs an action or does something - "the actor" - continuously learning about itself - eg: I am a dancer Self as an object: - the self on which something is being done - "the consequence" - actively watching and observing itself - eg: I am easily hurt
Define personal self.
The self that leads to an orientation in which one feels primarily concerned with themselves. Their psychological and social needs evolve in context with their socio-cultural environment. This begins to lay emphasis on aspects of life that are concerned with the person themselves. Eg: personal freedom, personal achievement etc.
Define social self.
Social self lead to an orientation in which more emphasis is laid on social relationships and familial relationships. This self is more concerned with factors like unity, cooperation, sacrifice, etc.
It is also called “relational/ familial self”
Define self-concept.
Self-concept is the way in which we perceive ourselves and the ideas that we hold about our capacities and potential.
Define self-esteem.
The value and judgement that we have about our own value and self-worth is known as self-esteem.
Studies show that by the age of _______, children have formed self-esteem in 4 areas: _____,_____,_____ and ____.
6 and 7.
Academic competence, social competence, physical/athletic competence and physical appearance.
Define self-efficacy.
Self-efficacy refers to an individual’s beliefs in their own capacities to perform efficiently in a particular situation.
Where did the term self-efficacy come from ?
Bandura’s learning theory. Bandura believes that children and adults learn behaviors by imitating and observing others. People with a strong sense of self-efficacy feel less fearful and allows them to construct the circumstances of their own lives.
Define self-regulation.
Self regulation is the ability to monitor and organize one’s behaviour. A person who is able to adapt their behaviour to the needs of the external environment is high on self-monitoring.
Define will power.
The ability to resist certain situational pressures.
Define self-control.
The ability to delay or defer immediate gratification of needs is known as self-control.
Name the three psychological techniques prescribed to increase self-control.
1) Observation of one’s own behaviour
- gives you the knowledge to strengthen an aspect of self.
2) Self-instruction
- instructing ourselves to behave in a certain way.
3) Self-reinforcement
- rewarding behaviours that have positive outcomes
Name the differences between the western view and the Indian view of self.
WESTERN VIEW:
- strict boundary between self and others
- self and group exist as two separate entities
- individual members maintain their individuality
- also called individualistic culture
INDIAN VIEW:
- no clear boundary/ flexible boundary between self and others
- at one moment it is involved with others and at the next moment it is focused on personal needs.
- no clear differentiation between individual and group
- both remain in a state of harmonious co-existence
- also called collectivistic
What is the difference between a layman’s definition and a psychologists definition of personality ?
Layman:
- personality is more physical or refers to the external appearance of an individual
- eg: a handsome person is more likely to have a charming personality
Psychologist:
- a relatively stable pattern of behaviours and the characteristic way in which an individual responds to other individuals and situations
What are the 4 main characteristics of personality ?
1) It is expressed uniquely in every individual
2) it is physical as well as psychological
3) the main characteristics of an individual’s personality rarely change
4) it is dynamic in the sense that some features may change due to internal or external situational demands.
Define temperament
biologically based characteristic way of reacting
Define trait
stable, persistent and specific way of reacting
Define disposition
Tendency of a person to react to a situation in a particular way
Define character
overall pattern of regularly occurring behaviour
Define habit
over learned modes of behaviour
Define values
goals and ideals that are considered important to achieve
