Self-concept ect

Question 1

define self efficacy

Answer 1

a persons judgments of their capabilities to organize and execute an action required to attain designated types of performance

Question 2

define self-esteem

Answer 2

an individuals confidence in their worth or abilities

Question 3

define self-concept

Answer 3

a view constructed of ones self, which is developed through experience evaluations adopted from others.

Question 4

define self-evaluation

Answer 4

the perceptions and beliefs that a person holds about themselves, specifically the emotionally-valenced qualities, characteristics and traits and the persons judgement of the value of these attributes

Question 5

development of SC in adolescence

Answer 5

Shift from:
- concrete to abstract self-portraits
- social comparisons & normative standards during childhood
- towards differentiation of self into multiple domains
- integration of multiple selves into a unified SC

Question 6

marcia 4 statuses of identity

Answer 6

Crisis commitment
achievement: firm identity commitments
foreclosure: identity prescribed, no I crisis
moratorium: active period of exploration
diffusion: little sense of commitment and are not actively seeking to make decisions

Question 7

SC and emotional disorders

Answer 7

• strong relationship
• problems with self-perceptions link with anxiety and depression
  -positive SC = more resilient = protective factor
• linked with chronic psychosis

Question 8

define identity

Answer 8

encompasses memories, experience, relationships, and values that create one’s sense of self, the distinctive qualities or traits that make an individual unique

Question 9

define self-consciousness

Answer 9

a heightened sense of awareness of oneself, and its interactions with the environment

Question 10

3 major components of self Rogers

Answer 10

-self-image: the way we describe ourselves
-self-esteem: how much value ourselves
-ideal self: who we would like to be

Question 11

looking glass self Cooley

Answer 11

• have to see how others see us to understand ourselves
  -reflected in reactions of other people
  -children gradually build up impressions

Question 12

2 components of identity James

Answer 12

• I self: self awareness, self as subject of experience
• Me self: self perception, self of object of experience

Question 13

early infancy

Answer 13

• temperamental dispositions = stable characteristics rooted in biology
  -personality is more variable result of socialization and experience
• earliest formation = bodily awareness

Question 14

Gallups dot on mirror

Answer 14

<15m - no touch
15-18 - 5-25%
18-24 - 75%

Question 15

theories of self

Answer 15

• james theory
• goffman dramaturgical theory
• cooley theory
• meads symbolic interaction
• social constructionist approach

Question 16

factors influencing the development of SC

Answer 16

reaction of others
comparison with others
social roles
identification

Question 17

brain regions involved in self-relevance

Answer 17

• Medial prefrontal cortex- self-referential processing and representation of info
  -Ventral parietal cortex - convergence zone, subjective aspects of memory retrieval - TMS studies