Self-regulation Perspective Flashcards
(39 cards)
How does attitude influence how we transition from
cognition —> behaviour?
It’s a PERSONAL evaluation of the…
1. LIKELY outcome of an ACTION
2. DESIRABILITY of that OUTCOME
How does subjective norms influence how we transition from
cognition —> behaviour?
It’s your IMPRESSION on how relevant others…
1. VALUE an ACTION
2. Your INTEREST in PLEASING them
What are the two kinds of intentions?
- GOAL intention:
- intention to ATTAIN some PARTICULAR outcome - IMPLEMENTATION intention:
- intention to take SPECIFIC actions in SPECIFIC contexts
“___________” goals are unique to the individuals that pursue them
Idiographic
What are the 3 aspects involved in idiographic goals?
- Current concerns:
- ongoing MOTIVATION that persists in mind until goal ATTAINED/ABANDONED - Personal projects:
- what ppl DO
- made up of EFFORTS ppl put into GOAL
- similar to LIFE TASKS - Personal strivings:
- LONG-TERM goals that can organize BROAD areas of life
What are 4 properties/limitations of idiographic goals?
- Held CONSCIOUSLY some of the time
- DESCRIBE thoughts & behaviours AIMED at SPECIFIC outcomes
- CHANGEABLE over TIME
- Assumed to fxn INDEPENDENTLY
Idiographic goals are assumed to be”fxn independently”…
What does this mean?
They can organize THOUGHT & BEHAVIOUR
BUT…
= NOT THEORETICALLY ORGANIZED THEMSELF
“___________” goals refer to the relatively small number of essential motivations that almost everyone pursues
Nomothetic
What are the 3 primary motivations in nomothetic goals that drive human behaviour?
“_________” suggests that “______” goals fall into these categories, but not all
- NEED for ACHIEVEMENT
- NEED for AFFILIATION (intimacy)
- NEED for POWER
————————————————————-
Research; many
“_________” goals are seeking to judge or validate an attribute in oneself
judgement
“____________” goals is the desire to actually improve oneself
Development
Why are development goals and judgement goals so important to each-other?
Because they produce DIFFERENT RXNS to FAILURE
Development goals respond to failure with a…
= MASTERY-ORIENTED PATTERN
Judgment goals respond to failure with a…
= HELPLESS PATTERN
What is entity theory according to Carol Dweck?
Believe that PERSONAL qualities are UNCHANGEABLE
Leads them to respond HELPLESSLY to any indication they DO NOT have what it TAKES
What is incremental theory according to Carol Dweck?
Believe that INTELLIGENCE & ABILITY can CHANGE w/ TIME & EXPERIENCE
Goals involve not only PROVING COMPETENCE but INCREASING it
What is a “script”?
Why are they important?
Give an example…
Scripts can be thought as STRATEGIES (sequence of activities that PROGRESS towards a goal)
Many strategies are BROAD & help us pursue many IMPORTANT GOALS in life
Ex) waiting in line at Timmie’s or McD’s- you have a “script” on knowing how you order food
If many strategies are broad and help us pursue important goals…
What are the 2 different ways we can pursue these goals?
- Optimistic strategy:
- assume that the BEST will happen
- about CONFIDENCE
- (+) outlook on life
- research is possibly biased towards this approach and favours it - Pessimistic strategy:
- assume the WORST is likely to happen
- about DOUBT
- can be used to drive towards a goal = to AVOID FAILURE
What is defensive pessimism according to Julie Norem?
Defensive pessimists EXPECT the WORST so they can be PLEASANTLY SURPRISED when the WORST does NOT happen
Typically used by MORE ANXIOUS individuals to MANAGE stress in a constructive way
Lots of MENTAL ENERGY is used on this (time consuming)
What are strategic optimism according to Julie Norem?
Strategic optimists deal w/ ANXIETY about exams by EXPECTING to do their BEST
Typically used by NON-ANXIOUS individuals
Set HIGH EXPECTATIONS for themselves
Try to maintain (+) OUTLOOK (ignore the (–))
Both “__________” pessimists and “__________” optimists seem to “_______” equally in coping w/ anxiety & performing well on exams
BUT…
“__________” seem to enjoy life more
Defensive; strategic
Succeed
———————————————
Optimists
Why is it important for research to study both strategic optimism & defensive pessimism?
Since they both relatively give good performance in the end…
If researchers DID NOT differentiate these processes, we would NOT know that they BOTH exist and they BOTH work
True or false. You can force a defensive pessimist to change to a strategic optimist strategy and it will work (& vise versa)
False
Forcing someone to CHANGE strategies might be COUNTERACTIVE towards a person
They CHOSE that strategy and that’s what works for THEM
Research shows that if the emotional process is COMPROMISED = social situations go ARY
Emotion can be considered a type of “___________” knowledge?
What does this mean?
Procedural
This CANNOT be learned or fully expressed through words
= BUT only through ACTION & EXPERIENCE
Emotion is also a set of “________” & “__________” procedures
What does this mean?
Give an example
Mental; physical
Has to be be something YOU DO
NOT merely a set of concepts or passive experience
= QUALIFIES as a PERSONALITY PROCESS
Ex) the emotion anger may raise HR, BP, and you can have a red face, thoughts consumed, make plan to get even…
= ALL while you might NOT notice you are actually FEELING this emotion
Emotion can be described as the “______” of experience being human
Core
