Self Report

Question 1

What is self report?

Answer 1

Asking Participnats about their experiences/belifs or ideas through questionnaires and interviews

Question 2

Give an example of a self report?

Answer 2

Questionnaires on underage drinking

Question 3

What is a structured interview?

Answer 3

pre set questions

Question 4

Strengths of a structured interview?

Answer 4

1. easy to replicate as a fixed set of closed questions are used- high reliability

Question 5

Weaknesses of a structured interview?

Answer 5

Very little rapport

Participants might not understand the question so questions are subject to interpretation

Question 6

What is an unstructured interview?

Answer 6

No pre set questions

Question 7

Strengths of unstructured interview?

Answer 7

Allows oyu to go more in depth with a particular topic

Adapt to change topics

Question 8

Weaknesses of Unstrcutred Interview

Answer 8

Time consuming

Difficult to analys as particpants produce a large amoutn fo information

Question 9

What is a semi strcutred interview?

Answer 9

Some questions, areas top cover but more freedom to explore ideas

Question 10

Strengths of semi structured interview

Answer 10

More in depth information

Can prepare questions before hand to help guide the conversation and keep respondents on topic

Question 11

What is a closed question?

Answer 11

Have predetermined answers/reponses, qualitative data

Question 12

Strengths of closed questions?

Answer 12

More reliable, easier to analyse

Question 13

Weaknesses of Closed Questions?

Answer 13

Does not allow partcipants to describe in detail, decreasing validity

Question 14

What is an open question?

Answer 14

Can reposnd how they like, qualitative data

Question 15

Strengths of open questions

Answer 15

Allows partcipants to describe in more detail- increasing validity

Question 16

Weaknesses of open questions

Answer 16

Not reliable, difficult to analyse

Question 17

How can we provide a more quanititaive measure?

Answer 17

Varibles could also be meausred using rating scales

Question 18

What is a likert scale?

Answer 18

This is where poeple are given a range of answers from which they select the one that represents the extent to whcih they like or dislike something

Question 19

Strengths of likert scale?

Answer 19

Easy to analyse, increasing reliability

Question 20

Weaknesses of Likert Scale?

Answer 20

Restrcitive-could affect validity, central tendency bias

Question 21

What is a semantic differential scale?

Answer 21

Used to put something between two descriptive

Question 22

What are the weaknesses of a semantic differnetial scale?

Answer 22

Based on words, partcipants would need a a good grasp of language

Question 23

Streengths of semantic differential scale

Answer 23

Easy to understand and analyse, increasing reliability

Question 24

What is social desirability bias?

Answer 24

Sometimes reposndents want to please the researchder so they give answers that they think the researcher wants

Question 25

What are the other factors of social desirability bias?

Answer 25

Respondents may not be honest Leading questions can lead to bias May not understand the question Low response rate

Question 26

What are the different types of validity?

Answer 26

Internal External Population Ecological

Question 27

What is internal validitity?

Answer 27

Does the procedure/measure test what it says it does

Question 28

What happens when we lack internal validity?

Answer 28

I f we lack internal validity then our Porcedure/Measure isnt measuring what we say it is and our results are meaningless

Question 29

What is external validity?

Answer 29

Do the results apply to real life

Question 30

What if we lack external validity?

Answer 30

If we lack external validity then our results cannot be generalised to real populations or environment

Question 31

What is population Validity?

Answer 31

How well the results can be generalised to the target population

Question 32

What is an example of a study with a low population validity?

Answer 32

I give my empathy questionnaire to a group of 10 people, all of which are male, middle aged, muslim psychologists from Norwich

Question 33

What is ecological Validity?

Answer 33

How well the results apply to real life situations and environments

Question 34

Give an example of a study with low ecological validity?

Answer 34

I measure a young childs self control asking them what they would do if they were left alone in a completely empty room with a marshmallow that they are not allowed to eat

Question 35

Name the differnt types of reliability?

Answer 35

Internal | External

Question 36

What is Internal Reliability?

Answer 36

How consistent a meaure is within itself

Question 37

Give an example of a study with high Internal reliability?

Answer 37

If all the questions in my questionnaire are measuring empathy, then an individual should have similar scores on all the questions

Question 38

What is external reliability?

Answer 38

How consistent a measure is over time

Question 39

Give an example of a study with high external reliability

Answer 39

If you score highly on an IQ test one week, you should score highly on it again next week. Your intelligence does not change.

Question 40

Give an example of a study with low external reliability?

Answer 40

If the same measure gets different results over time, it is not consistent and so it lacks external reliability

Question 41

What is Test Retest?

Answer 41

Testing the same individual with the same measures over a period of time

Question 42

What is an example of a study having good test retest reliability?

Answer 42

If the results are the same over a period of time then the measure has a good test retest reliability

Question 43

What is split half?

Answer 43

Splitting the results of a test in two and seeing how consistent they are?

Question 44

What is an example of good split half reliability?

Answer 44

If both halves of a test have similar scores then it has split half reliability

Question 45

How can validity be improved?

Answer 45

Removing leading/unclear/socially desirable/recall questions Adding Open questions with qualitative data Ensuring answers will be anonymous and confident

Question 46

How can reliability be improved?

Answer 46

Training interviewers so they are standardised Providing standardised questions Adding closed questions with quantifiable data Using split test/ Test- Retest methods

Question 47

What is pilot studies?

Answer 47

This is a trial run that is conducted on a smaller group of people

Question 48

What is the strengths of a pilot study?

Answer 48

This allows you to make adjustments/changes to improve the method