Sem 1 Final: Extra Study

Question 1

What is not matter?

Answer 1

Energy: light, sound, heat

Question 2

Intensive Properties

Answer 2

properties that DON’T change based on amount of substance present

Question 3

Extensive Properties

Answer 3

properties that DO change based on amount of substance present

Question 4

Miscibility

Answer 4

ability for substances to mix and make a homogenous mixture

Question 5

Conservation of Mass? Conservation of Energy?

Answer 5

Mass: in physical and chemical changes mass is not created or destroyed
Energy: in physical and chemical changes energy is not created or destroyed

Question 6

What changes require an exchange of energy?

Answer 6

Both physical and chemical changes require an exchange of energy.

Question 7

Filtration

Answer 7

Passing a mixture through a barrier that prevents some parts of the mixture from passing through

Question 8

What property does filtration exploit?

Answer 8

Particle size

Question 9

Decanting

Answer 9

Carefully pouring off the liquid layer in a mixture to separate it from a solid layer.

Question 10

What property does decanting exploit?

Answer 10

Solubility and density.

Question 11

Centrifuge

Answer 11

Spinning a mixture in order to separate it into layers

Question 12

What property does the centrifuge exploit?

Answer 12

Density

Question 13

Distillation

Answer 13

Heating a mixture of miscible liquids until one boils, becomes a vapor, and condenses in a separate location.

Question 14

What property does distillation exploit?

Answer 14

Boiling point

Question 15

Chromatography

Answer 15

Separating the components of a homogeneous mixture by allowing a mobile phase to move them thru a stationary phase.

Question 16

What property does chromatography exploit?

Answer 16

Solubility

Question 17

Properties of metals

Answer 17

• Solid (not Hg)
• Lustrous
• Conductors of Heat and Electricity
• Malleable and Ductile

Question 18

Properties of nonmetals

Answer 18

• All states of matter
• Not typically lustrous
• Poor conductors (insulators)
• Brittle (not malleable / ductile)

Question 19

Properties of metalloids

Answer 19

• Typically solids
• Can lose or gain electrons
• Partially conduct electricity (Semiconductors)

Question 20

Law of Definite Proportions

Answer 20

Any compound/molecule will have the same elemental proportions regardless of sample size

Question 21

Law of Multiple Proportions

Answer 21

atoms of the same elements can unite in different ratios to form different compounds
ex. CO & CO2

Question 22

Dmitri Mendeleev

Answer 22

• Arranged elements by atomic mass
• Grouped elements w similar properties
• Left gaps for new elements
• Widely accepted because of its ability to predict properties of new elements

Question 23

Henry Moseley

Answer 23

• Determined that no two elements have the same number of protons
• Organized elements based on increasing atomic number
• Our current periodic table

Question 24

Periodic Law

Answer 24

All elements will be organized by their atomic number according to similar physical and chemical properties

Question 25

Group 1

Answer 25

Alkali metals - 1 valence electron, +1 charge, soft, very reactive, high luster

Question 26

Group 2

Answer 26

Alkaline Earth Metals - 2 valence electrons, +2 charge, reactive, high luster, high density, harder than group 1

Question 27

Group 3-12

Answer 27

Transition Metals - valence electrons vary, charge varies, reactivity varies, lustrous

Question 28

Group 17

Answer 28

Halogens - very reactive, 7 valence electrons, -1 charge, salt formers

Question 29

Group 18

Answer 29

Noble (Inert) Gases - not reactive, no charge, 8 valence electrons (except Helium), colorless gases

Question 30

Order of people that contributed to atomic structure

Answer 30

democritus dalton thomson rutherford bohr schrodinger

Question 31

Aufbau Principle

Answer 31

electrons will fill the lowest energy levels first

Question 32

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 32

there are only two electrons per orbital with opposite spins

Question 33

Hund's Rule

Answer 33

electrons don't double up until they have to