Sem 1 Midterms Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Something obscure, weird and idiosyncratic
A
Philosophy
2
Q
No one can define philosophy without embracing the “____”
A
Universe
3
Q
Philosophy is defined in two fashions:
A
Etymologically and essentially/classically
4
Q
The term philosophy was first coined by
A
Pythagoras, a Greek Philosopher
5
Q
Philosophy came from the two Greek words; philos which means ____, and sophia which means ____. When compounded, its literal meaning is the ‘love of wisdom’
A
Love, wisdom
6
Q
Three concepts of love
A
Eros - passionate, intense desire for something
Philia - fondness and appreciation, loyalty
Agape - Paternal love of God, brotherly love
7
Q
The love that seeks the truth
A
Philia
8
Q
Greek for eros
A
Erasthai
9
Q
Greek for erotic
A
Erotikos
10
Q
Greek for one’s political community
A
polis
11
Q
Three classifications for men
A
Lovers of pleasure
Lovers of success
Lovers of wisdom - most superior
12
Q
To those that show skills in philosophy are people who are truly:
A
Lovers of wisdom
13
Q
To look for something more, to probe, to go beyond
A
Search
14
Q
Science of all sciences or mother of all sciences
A
Philosophy
15
Q
Search for the ultimate meaning of reality
A
Philosophy
16
Q
The most significant task of philosophy
A
Evaluate the totality of the human experience
17
Q
Human’s attempt to think most speculatively, reflectively, and systematically about the universe and their relationship with it
A
Philosophy
18
Q
A study that seeks to understand the mysteries of existence and reality
A
Philosophy
19
Q
It is the attempt to give an account of what is true and what is important, based on a rational assessment of evidence and arguments
A
Philosophy
20
Q
it is a process of inquiry involving analysis, criticism, interpretation, speculation, and relfection of reality
A
Philosophy
21
Q
In short, philosophy is:
A
The examination of life
22
Q
Philosophy and other sciences
A
Philosophy and science
Philosophy and history
Philosophy and mathematics
Philosophy and religion
23
Q
Both discuss the fundamental truths about the universe. These fields study natural and life
A
Philosophy and science
24
Q
Interrelated fields that are dependent to each other.
A
Philosophy and history
25
Serves as the breeding ground of philosophy, without it philosophical concepts will not be possible
History
26
It defines history and interprets its existence for better understanding of the past, a clear view of the present and more positive outlook in anticipation of the future.
Philosophy
27
Both logical bodies of knowledge. The approaches involved are methodical and systematic giving emphasis in proving theoretical concepts and formulating standards of truth in order to accept as general or universal foundation of learning
Philosophy and mathematics
28
Inseparable fields in a sense that one justifies the other.
Philosophy and religion
29
Generally a philosophical culmination of basic and complex ideas about almost everything both justifiable or not
Religion
30
A religious context that tries to concretize divine beliefs, ideas, opinions, facts, and suspicion in order that the world will be aware of it and believe in it
Philosophy
31
Makes philosophical text possible, through it, ideas, opinions, truths, and theories are expressed vividly and concretely in all forms and mediums understandable to humans
Language
32
Makes language more meaningful, flexible, versatile, creative, and significant
Philosophy
33
Major disciplines in philosophy
Logic
Epistemology
Metaphysics
Aesthetics
Cosmology
Theodicy
Social philosophy
Ethics
34
Study of right and sound reasoning
Logic
35
Study of the validity of knowledge
Epistemology
36
Seeks to explain the fundamental concept of being
Metaphysics
37
Philosophical study of beauty
Aesthetics
38
Study of real things in the universe
Cosmology
39
Study of god and his nature
Theodicy
40
Study of human and their relation to society
Social philosophy
41
Science of the morality of human acts
Ethics
42
Greek for ethics
Ethos
43
A characteristic way of doing things or body of customs
Ethics
44
A practical science which is meant to teach how human ought to live
Ethics
45
The practice of ethical/moral life implies imperatives or the “____” of ethics for without which, ethics would collapse
Sine qua non
46
An inherent human power to act or to not act that makes them responsible for their actions.
Freedom
47
Ethics will be irrelevant in the absence of:
Human freedom
48
An indispensable implication in human actions which would be meaningless unless human is free
Responsibility
49
____ is deserved only to humans who are free to choose their course of action.
Justice
50
Imperatives of ethics
Human freedom
Existence of god
Immortality of the soul
51
Without ____, humans find no reason to do good and avoid evil.
God’s existence
52
Refers to the goodness or evilness of the acts which presupposed rectification
Morality
53
A cornerstone in ethics
Immortality of the soul
54
They define the personality, attitude, and behavior of a person
Morals and ethics
55
The word moral is derived from a ___ word ___ which means ___
Latin, mos, custom
56
Ethics was derived from a ____ word ____ which means ____
Greek, ethikos, character
57
Custom established by group of individuals
Morals
58
Defines the character of an individual
Ethics
59
Concerned with the principles of right and wrong
Morals
60
Related to right and wrong conduct of an individual in a particular situation
Ethics
61
Set of rules that govern human actions to ensure mutual respect and cooperation
Ethics and morality
62
Instructions that tell what we are allowed to do and what we are not allowed to do
Rules
63
These are stated to help us achieve success and meet common goals in society
Rules
64
Imperative statements to govern human conduct in addressing specific and peculiar situations to sustain orderly and healthy human relations
Rules
65
Absence of ____ makes human life difficult
Rules
66
Rules are important because they tend to protect human rights and freedom specially the “____” in the society as they might be exploited if no rules to shield them
Weaker members
67
Once ___ are enforced within their mandate, they provide a stable environment and harmonious human coexistent leading to peace and development
Rules
68
Importance of rules
Organize relations between individuals
Make it clear what is right to follow in a society and what are wrong to refrain from
Provide opportunity to achieve personal and societal goals
Regulate various social institutions to fulfill their integral roles for the common welfare
69
People look at rules as restrictions that curtail one of their precious rights:
Freedom
70
We need ___ to achieve common good
Rules
71
Refer to the social, cultural, and religious beliefs or values practiced overtime by an individual or group which direct to do what is customarily allowable as right or refrain from those that society prohibits “taboo” or wrong
Morals
72
The rules and standards made by the society or culture which is to be followed by us while deciding what is right.
Morals
73
Do not cheat
Be loyal
Be patient
Always tell the truth
be generous
Moral principles
74
Beliefs of what is considered right for any situation, so it can be said that what is morally correct may not be objectively correct
Morals
75
A branch of philosophy that deals with the principles of conduct of an individual or group
Ethics
76
It works as a guiding principle as to decide what action to take either the good or the bad
Ethics
77
These principles are the standards or guidelines that govern the life of a person
Ethics
78
Also known as moral philosophy
Ethics
79
Ethical principles
Honesty
Loyalty
Respect
Fairness
Integrity
80
It leads us to humility; to remorse for that imperfection and the wrongs we all have certainly committed
Truthfulness/honesty
81
The willing and practical and thoroughgoing devotion of a person to a cause
Loyalty
82
Maintains that human beings have intrinsic and unconditional moral worth and should always be treated as if there is nothing of greater value than they are
Respect
83
The unique capability of human beings to behave as rational agents, that is, self aware and capable of objective thought and the ability to reason
Respect
84
Characterized by equity, respect, justice and stewardship of the shared world, both among people and in their relations to other living beings
Fairness
85
An obligation on all individuals to be straightforward and honest in all professional and business relationships.
Integrity
86
Implies fair dealing and truthfulness
Integrity
87
Doing rightness based on what one wants to be done onto them
Normative ethics
88
The person conforms to the concept of right and wrong framed by the society
Descriptive ethics
89
Morals deals with what is ____ or ____ while ethics deals with what is ____ or ____
Right or wrong
Good or evil
90
_____ is the term used with business, medicine, or law.
Ethics
91
Laws or commands that allow specific actions to be committed or those that disallow actions contrary to these norms
Moral standards
92
Precepts to follow based on mores or traditional norms and practices that allow actions as good in specific time and place
Moral standards
93
Principles that when followed, promote values such as honesty, patience, respect, and kindness
Ethical standards
94
Absorbed from family, friends, and various societal institutions as a positive regulating mechanism to ensure that appropriate code of conduct is observed among its members
Moral standards
95
Later in life, ____ and ____ help a person in complying with moral standards
Learning and intellectual development
96
Postulated by Accepted cultural practices and establish societal norms overtime
Moral standards
97
Deal with matters, which can seriously injure or seriously benefit human being
Moral standards
98
the standards of etiquette by which we judge manners as good or bad, and the standards we call "law" by which we judge legal right and wrong
non moral standards
99
not formed or changed by the decision of particular authoritative bodies and the validity of these standards lies on the adequacy of the reasons that are taken to support and justify them
moral standards
100
do not evaluate standards on the basis of the interests of a particular individual or group, but one that goes beyond personal interests to a **universal standpoint** in which everyone's interests are impartially counted as **equal**
moral standards
101
associated with **special emotions** and a **special vocabulary**
Moral standards
102
those concerned with or relating to human behavior, especially the distinction between good and bad or right and wrong behavior
moral standards
103
the rules of people have about the kinds of actions they believe are morally right and wrong, as well as the values they place on the kinds of objects they believe are morally good and bad -
moral standards
104
moral standards is equated with -
moral values and moral principles
105
refer to rules that are unrelated to moral or ethical considerations
non moral standards
106
rules of etiquette
fashion standards
rules in games
house rules
non moral standards
107
religious rules
traditions
legal statutes
laws and ordinances -
non moral principles
108
moral standards have overriding character or ____ authority -
hegemonic
109
they take precedence over other considerations, including aesthetic, prudential, and even legal ones -
moral standards
110
when a particular law becomes seriously immoral, it may be people's moral duty to exercise _____
civil disobedience
111
these values ought to be considered in the process of making laws -
moral standards
112
do unto others what you would them do unto you if you were in their shoes -
golden rule
113
it cannot be right for A to treat B in a manner in which it would be wrong for B to treat A, merely on the ground that they are two different individuals, and without there being any difference between the natures or circumstances of the two which can be stated as a reasonable ground for difference of treatment -
formal principle of justice -
114
an extension of the **principle of consistency**, that is, one ought to be consistent about one's value judgments -
universalizability
115
usually depicted as being free of bias ir prejudice
impartiality
116
requires that we give equal and/or adequate consideration to the interests of all concerned parties -
impartiality
117
indicates the practical or **action-guiding nature** of moral standards. -
prescriptivity
118
humanities is derived from the word ____ which means _____
humanus, refined cultured human
119
value is derived from the word ___ which means ____
valere, to affiliate
120
human existence is:
1. existence through social
2. existence through others
3. existence for one another
