Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

yr.11 Human Biology > sem 2 exam > Flashcards

sem 2 exam Flashcards

1
Q

Cell membrane

A

outer boundary of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nucleolus

A

manufactures protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Functions of membrane

A

acts as physical barrier
Regulates passage of materials
sensitive to changes
Helps support the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

simple diffusion

A

Spreading out of molecules so evenly spread over space available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

concentration gradient

A

Greater the difference in concentration, the steeper the diffusion gradient and faster the rate of diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

net diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration along a concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

osmosis

A

Diffusion pf a solvent through differentially permeable membrane in order to balance concentration of another substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lymph

A

Fluid returned to circulatory system through lymphatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pharynx

A

Region from nasal cavity to trachea and oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

larynx

A

Cartilage structure joining pharynx and trachea
contains vocal cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pleura

A

membrane covering the surface of the lungs
Pleural fluid - thin layer of fluid within pleura that allows lungs to move during breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

blod clotting

A

vasoconstriction
Platelet plug
coagulation
Clot retraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

vasoconstriction

A

Reduces blood flow to damaged arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

platelet plug

A

Platelets stick to rough surface of damaged blood vessel walls
presence of platelets causes plug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Coagulation

A

Clotting of blood because of fibrin.
fibrin mesh traps blood cells, platelets and plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clot retraction

A

contraction of fibrous threads of a blood clot
Network of threads contracts, becoming denser and stronger, pulling edges of the damaged blood vessels together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

aggulination

A

The clumping together of micro-organisms or of blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

macrophages

A

Phagocytic cells that engulf and digest micro-organisms and cell debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ingestion

A

Intake of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

mastication

A

Process of chewing, to grind or crush food with teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

Ring of smooth muscle between the stomach and the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 regions of small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Lieum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Duodenum

A

first part of small intestine
Chemical digestion occurs here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

jejunum

A

Middle section
absorption of carbohydrates and proteins

25
Lieu
final part B12, bile salt, remaining products of digestion are absorbed
26
Pancreatic amylase
breaks down starch into disaccharide maltose
27
Trypsin
splits protein into peptides
28
Pancreatic lipases
Break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
29
ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease
Digest RNA and DNA
30
peptidase
Break down peptides into amino acids
31
sucrase, lactase and maltase
Sucrose, lactose and maltose into monosaccharides glucose, fructose and galactose
32
renal capsule
A tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney
33
renal cortex
Outer part of the kidney
34
renal medulla
Inner part of kidney
35
renal pelvis
Cavity of the kidney that collects urine before it passes to the ureter
36
renal hilum
A depression in the kidney where blood vessels and ureter enter
37
renal pyramid
section of the renal medulla
38
Renal column
extension of the renal cortex that divides the renal medulla into renal pyramid
39
Nephron
Functional unit of the kidney where urine is formed 1.2million per kidney Surrounded by capillaries
40
Steps of urine production
Glomerular filtration Reabsorption Tubular secretion
41
dialysis
Method of removing wastes from blood when kidney failure
42
peritoneal dialysis
Catheter, tube, placed through wall of abdomen. wastes follow concentration gradient out of the body into bag.
43
Haemodialysis
passing blood through artificial kidney or dialysis machine.
44
Form of muscle
muscle bundle -> muscle fibres -> myofibril -> myofilament -> myosin/actin
45
Perimysium
surrounds muscle bundle Allows adjacent bundles to slide easily over another when contracting, allowing bundles to function as individual unit.
46
Epimysium
Holds bundles together towards end of muscle, taper and blend to form tendon.
47
Sliding filament theory
states that shortening of sarcomere during muscle contraction is due to the actin and myosin filaments sliding one over another.
48
Synergists
muscles that help prime movers May produce same movement or steady joint during movement prevents unwanted movement Prime mover can function more efficiently
49
fixator
When synergism immobilises joint stabilises one part of the body during movement of another part
50
Types of joints
fibrous (fixed) Cartilaginous (slightly moveable) Synovial (free movable)
51
Synovial cavity
between articulating surfaces of bones Surrounded by synovial membrane
52
synovial fluid
Secreted by synovial membrane fills synovial cavity Lubricates synovial cavity provides nourishment for cells of articular cartilage Prevents articular cartilage from coming in contact contains phagocytic cells removing micro-organisms and debris
53
Histone
protein in which DNA wraps around to form nucleosome
54
Random (indépendant) assortment
when chromosomes separating to each pole during first meiotic division Happens independently, copy of chromosome 1 egg receives in no way influences what pair of chromosome 5 egg receives
55
cancer
Uncontrolled division of cells produces tumours Don’t specialise into surrounding tissue therefore easy to spot under microscope.
56
tumours
Malignant Metastasis Benign
57
Malignant
Able to spread to other parts of body
58
mestastisis
Spreading of tumour cells to form secondary tumours in different parts of the body
59
benign
Unable to invade normal tissues, therefore don’t spread

yr.11 Human Biology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions