Sem 2 Week 2: Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh Flashcards
(70 cards)
1
Q
What is the main action of the posterior compartment of the thigh? (2)
A
- Extension of the thigh at the hip joint
- Flexion of the leg at the knee joint
2
Q
What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh? (4)
A
Hamstrings:
- Biceps femoris
- Semimembranosus
- Semitendinosus
- Hamstring portion of adductor magnus
3
Q
What is the common hamstring origin?
A
Ischial tuberosity
4
Q
Which nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?
A
Sciatic nerve
5
Q
What is the origin of biceps femoris? (2)
A
- Long head: ischial tuberosity
- Short head: linea aspera
6
Q
What is the insertion of biceps femoris?
A
Head of the fibula
7
Q
What is the action of biceps femoris? (3)
A
- Flexion of the leg at the knee joint
- Extension of the thigh at the hip joint
- Lateral rotation of the hip and knee
8
Q
What is the innervation of biceps femoris? (2)
A
- Long head: tibial division of the sciatic nerve
- Short head: common fibular (peroneal) division of the sciatic nerve
9
Q
What is the origin of semimembranosus?
A
Ischial tuberosity
10
Q
What is the insertion of semimembranosus?
A
Medial condyle of tibia
11
Q
What is the action of semimembranosus?
A
- Flexion of the leg at the knee joint
- Extension of the thigh at the hip joint
- Medial rotation of the hip and knee
12
Q
What is the innervation of semimembranosus?
A
Tibial division of the sciatic nerve
13
Q
What is the origin of semitendinosus?
A
Ischial tuberosity
14
Q
What is the insertion of semitendinosus?
A
Pes anserinus
15
Q
What is the action of semitendinosus?
A
- Flexion of the leg at the knee joint
- Extension of the thigh at the hip joint
- Medial rotation of the hip and knee
16
Q
What is the innervation of semitendinosus?
A
Tibial division of the sciatic nerve
17
Q
What is the origin of adductor magnus? (2)
A
- Adductor portion: ischiopubic ramus
- Hamstring portion: ischial tuberosity
18
Q
What is the insertion of adductor magnus? (2)
A
- Adductor portion: linea aspera
- Hamstring portion: adductor tubercle
19
Q
What is the innervation of adductor magnus? (2)
A
- Adductor portion: obturator nerve
- Hamstring portion: tibial division of the sciatic nerve
20
Q
What are the 2 categories of muscles in the gluteal region?
A
Superficial and deep
21
Q
Where is the gluteal region?
A
From the iliac crest to the gluteal fold
22
Q
What is the action of the muscles in the gluteal region? (3)
A
- Extension of the thigh at the hip joint
- Abduction of the thigh at the hip joint
- Lateral rotation at the hip joint
23
Q
What is the action of the superficial gluteal muscles? (2)
A
- Extension of the thigh at the hip joint
- Abduction of the thigh at the hip joint
24
Q
What is the action of the deep gluteal muscles?
A
Lateral rotation at the hip joint
25
What are the superficial gluteal muscles? (4)
- Gluteus maximus
- Gluteus medius
- Gluteus minimus
- Tensor fascia lata
26
What are the deep gluteal muscles?
Main one is piriformis
27
What is the origin of tensor fascia lata?
Iliac crest
28
What is the insertion of tensor fascia lata?
Iliotibial (IT) band
29
What is the insertion of the iliotibial (IT) band?
Lateral condyle of the tibia
30
What is the action of tensor fascia lata? (2)
- Assists the gluteus medius and minimus in abduction and medial rotation
- Stabilises the knee and hip joints
31
What is the innervation of tensor fascia lata?
Superior gluteal nerve
32
What is the origin of gluteus maximus?
Gluteal (posterior) surface of the ilium
33
What is the insertion of gluteus maximus? (2)
IT band and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur
34
What is the action of gluteus maximus?
Extension of the thigh at the hip joint
35
What is the innervation of gluteus maximus?
Inferior gluteal nerve
36
What is the origin of gluteus medius?
Gluteal (posterior) surface of the ilium
37
What is the insertion of gluteus medius?
Greater trochanter of the femur
38
What is the action of gluteus medius? (2)
- Abduction of the thigh
- Medial rotation of the thigh
39
What is the innervation of gluteus medius?
Superior gluteal nerve
40
What is the origin of gluteus minimus?
Gluteal surface of the ilium
41
What is the insertion of gluteus minimus?
Greater trochanter of the femur
42
What is the action of gluteus minimus? (2)
- Abduction of the thigh
- Medial rotation of the thigh
43
What is the innervation of gluteus minimus?
Superior gluteal nerve
44
What is the origin of piriformis?
Anterior surface of the sacrum
45
What is the insertion of piriformis?
Comes through the greater sciatic foramen to insert onto the greater trochanter of the femur
46
What is the action of piriformis? (2)
- Lateral rotation
- Abduction
47
What is the innervation of piriformis?
Nerve to piriformis
48
What are the anatomical relations of piriformis? (3)
- Comes through greater sciatic foramen
- Superior gluteal nerve, artery and vein exit the greater sciatic foramen above piriformis
- Inferior gluteal nerve, artery and vein exit the greater sciatic foramen below piriformis
- Sciatic nerve runs deep to piriformis and emerges from underneath it
49
Where do the superior and inferior gluteal arteries come from?
Internal iliac artery
50
Where do the superior and inferior gluteal nerves come from?
Sacral plexus
51
Which ligaments form the greater and lesser sciatic foramen? (2)
- Sacrospinous ligament
- Sacrotuberous ligament
52
What are the attachments of the sacrospinous ligament?
Sacrum to the ischial spine
53
What are the attachments of the sacrotuberous ligament?
Sacrum to the ischial tuberosity
54
What are the 3 ligaments of the hip joint?
- Iliofemoral ligament
- Pubofemoral ligament
- Ischiofemoral ligament
55
Which is the strongest hip joint ligament?
Iliofemoral ligament
56
Which is the weakest hip joint ligament?
Ischiofemoral ligament
57
What are the attachments of the iliofemoral ligament?
Anterior inferior iliac spine to the neck of the femur
58
What are the attachments of the pubofemoral ligament?
Superior pubic ramus to the neck of the femur
59
What are the attachments of the ischiofemoral ligament?
Body of the ischium to the greater trochanter of the femur (round the back)
60
Why are the hip joint ligaments in a spiral orientation?
Allows them to loosen during flexion and tighten during extension which stabilises the hip joint
61
What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?
Prevents hyperextension of the thigh at the hip joint
62
What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?
Prevents excessive abduction and extension of the thigh at the hip joint
63
What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament?
Prevents hyperextension of the thigh at the hip joint
64
What forms the superomedial border of the popliteal fossa? (2)
Semimembranosus and semitendinosus
65
What forms the superolateral border of the popliteal fossa?
Biceps femoris
66
What forms the inferomedial border of the popliteal fossa?
Medial head of gastrocnemius
67
What forms the inferolateral border of the popliteal fossa?
Lateral head of gastrocnemius
68
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa medial to lateral? (4)
- Popliteal artery (name change from femoral artery)
- Popliteal vein
- Tibial nerve
- Common fibular (peroneal) nerve
(Sciatic nerve splits into tibial and common fibular nerve before the popliteal fossa)
69
Where do the superior and inferior gluteal arteries come from?
Branch from the internal iliac artery
70
What is the blood supply to the posterior thigh compartment? (2)
- Perforating arteries which branch off from profunda femoris
- Some supply from the inferior gluteal artery
