sem2. 304exam1 Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
Provide structural support and protect organs
A
Bones
2
Q
Which of the statements by the family tells the nurse that they understand how to perform passive range of motion (PROM) exercises on their bed-bound family member?
- “ We should put each joint through a full series of exercises until mother tells us she is fatigued.”
- “Every day we should try to move all of her joints 1-2 degrees further than they naturally go.”
- If mother has a muscle spasm we should stop exercising for a day or two.”
- “To exercise Mother’s elbow, we would hold her upper arm still, and move her forearm.”
A
4
3
Q
—Decreased pain sensation.
A
Hypoalgesia
4
Q
—Moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
A
Protraction
5
Q
– Provides cushion to bones
A
Cartilage
6
Q
The nurse is performing the Romberg test and asks the patient to stand with the feet together and eyes closed. The nurse documents “negative Romberg”. Which of the following patient responses occurred in this situation? The patient:
- Swayed from side to side.
- Had minimal swaying.
- Felt moderately dizzy.
- Had complete loss of balance.
A
2
7
Q
—Absent touch sensation.
A
Anesthesia
8
Q
Tell the person to let the arm “just go dead” as you suspend it by holding the upper arm. Strike the triceps tendon directly just above the elbow. The normal response is extension of the forearm. Alternatively hold the person’s wrist across the chest to flex the arm at the elbow and tap the tendon.
A
Triceps Reflex (C7 to C8).
9
Q
—Moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
A
Circumduction
10
Q
Abnormal Posture where
Complete loss of muscle tone and paralysis of all four extremities, indicating completely nonfunctional brainstem.
A
Flaccid Quadriplegia
11
Q
The ______ lobe has areas concerned with personality, behavior, emotions, and intellectual function.
• The precentral gyrus of the _______ lobe initiates voluntary movement.
A
frontal
12
Q
- a “phantom sound”11 that originates within the person; it occurs with cerumen impaction, middle ear infection, and other ear disorders.
A
Tinnitus
13
Q
_____ is tested by Apply a wisp of cotton to the skin. Stretch a cotton ball to make a long end and brush it over the skin in a random order of sites and at irregular intervals. This prevents the person from responding just from repetition. Include the arms, forearms, hands, chest, thighs, and legs. Ask the person to say “now” or “yes” when touch is felt. Compare symmetric points.
A
Light Touch.
14
Q
Osteoarthritis is characterized by hard, nontender, noninflammatory nodules, 2 to 3 mm or more. These osteophytes (bony overgrowths) of the distal interphalangeal joints are called ________ nodes. Those of the proximal interphalangeal joints are called ________ nodes and are less common.
A
Heberden
Bouchard
15
Q
what are the 6 things assessed in the MORSE fall scale
A
History of falling Secondary diagnosis Ambulatory aid Intravenous therapy/heparin lock Gait Mental status
16
Q
Short Leg
A
Congenital dislocated hip; acquired shortening from disease, trauma
17
Q
Abnormal Gait where
Weak hip muscles—When the person takes a step, the opposite hip drops, which allows compensatory lateral movement of pelvis. Often the person also has marked lumbar lordosis and a protruding abdomen.
A
Waddling
18
Q
The ______ lobe is the primary visual receptor center.
A
occipital
19
Q
A patient has had surgical repair of a left fx tibia one day ago. A dressing and immobilizer splint is in place to the left lower leg. Which nursing action would be most important?
- Assessing CMS with the 5 P’s
- Arranging for physical therapy after discharge
- Teaching the patient dressing care and signs & symptoms of infection.
- Assisting the pt. to ambulate with a walker
A
1
20
Q
Sometimes called degenerative joint disease or “wear and tear” arthritis, osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic condition of the joints. It occurs when the cartilage or cushion between joints breaks down leading to pain, stiffness and swelling.
A
Osteoarthritis-
21
Q
Appearance, body language, ability to follow directions
Speech & Language
Orientation & LOC
Memory
Calculation ability
Abstract thinking, thought process & judgment
Mood & emotional state
A
objective data for mental status and speech assesment of NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM
22
Q
Cranial Nerve for : Hearing & balance
A
8Acoustic
23
Q
Waddling
A
Hip girdle muscle weakness caused by muscular dystrophy, dislocation of hips
24
Q
Normal findings in the assessment of gross motor include:
- A smooth, steady gait
- A positive Romberg’s test
- The ability to perform rapid alternating movements (RAM)
- The ability to Tandem walk
A
1
25
(shortening of a muscle leading to limited ROM of joint)
contracture
26
—Moving the head around a central axis
Rotation
27
the knuckle looks as if it is being pushed through a buttonhole. It is a common deformity and includes flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint with compensatory hyperextension of distal interphalangeal joint.
better pain relief with movement
boutonnière deformity
28
Ask the person to pat the knees with both hands, lift up, turn hands over, and pat the knees with the backs of the hands. Then ask the person to do this faster. Normally this is done with equal turning and a quick, rhythmic pace.
dysdiadochokinesia and occurs with cerebellar disease.
Rapid Alternating Movements (RAM)
29
Position the thigh in slight external rotation. With the reflex hammer draw a light stroke up the lateral side of the sole of the foot and inward across the ball of the foot, like an upside-down J. The normal response is plantar flexion of the toes and inversion and flexion of the forefoot.
Plantar Reflex (L4 to S2).
30
confirms the presence of small amounts of fluid as you try to move the fluid from one side of the joint to the other.
Firmly stroke up on the medial aspect of the knee 2 or 3 times to displace any fluid
Tap the lateral aspect
Watch the medial side in the hollow for a distinct bulge from a fluid wave. Normally none is present.
Bulge Sign
31
Direct percussion of the location of the median nerve at the wrist produces no symptoms in the normal hand
positive if pain/ numbness occur
Carpal Tunnel Assessment
Tinel Sign
32
Cranial Nerve for
| Expressions in forehead, smile, taste
#7 Facial:
33
The nurse is admitting a patient with suspected meningitis and notes a positive Brudzinski’s sign has been documented in the physical assessment. To validate this assessment finding, the nurse would note which of the following?
1. Seizure activity
2. Neck pain and stiffness
3. Flexion of the legs and thighs
4. Neck extension
3
34
Parkinsonian (Festinating)
Parkinsonism
35
The nurse is performing a neuro assessment on a pt. The nurse assesses the tongue for strength, which cranial nerve is the nurse assessing?
1. Trochlear
2. Glossopharyngeal
3. Abducens
4. Hypoglossal
4
36
—Lowering a body part
Depression
37
– Attach muscle to bone
Tendons
38
These maneuvers reproduce back and leg pain and help confirm the presence of a herniated nucleus pulposus.
Straight leg raising while keeping the knee extended normally produces no pain. Raise the affected leg just short of the point where it produces pain. Then dorsiflex the foot
Straight Leg Raising or Lasègue Test.
39
Abnormal Gait where
Knees cross or are in contact, like holding an orange between the thighs. The person uses short steps, and walking requires effort.
Scissors
40
Musculoskeletal System objective data Orderly fashion:
head to toe assesment
41
—Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
Inversion
42
5 objective data for NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM
```
Mental status & speech
Cranial nerve function
Motor function
Sensory function
Reflexes
```
43
Cranial Nerve for: chewing, corneal reflex, face & forehead sensations
#5 Trigeminal
44
raise babys legs and then chicken wing them and if no clunking sound is presesnt then result is negative
test for congenital hip dislocation
Ortolani –Barlow Maneuver
45
the knuckle looks as if it is being pushed through a buttonhole. It is a common deformity and includes flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint with compensatory hyperextension of distal interphalangeal joint.
boutonnière deformity
46
A patient’s reason for seeking care is “pain and stiffness in the right knee.” The patient reports the discomfort increases with activity. The nurse would suspect which of the following conditions?
1. Rheumatoid arthritis
2. Osteoarthritis
3. Gout
4. DVT
2
47
Loss of sensation involves all modalities. Loss is most severe distally (feet and hands); response improves as stimulus is moved proximally (glove-and-stocking anesthesia). Anesthesia zone gradually merges into a hypoesthesia zone and gradually becomes normal.
Peripheral Neuropathy
48
(stiffness or fixation of a joint).
ankylosis
49
what 6 subjective data questions should you ask your patient regarding joints
Pain
Stiffness
Swelling, heat, redness
Limitation of movement
50
Ask the person to close the eyes and stretch out the arms. Ask him or her to touch the tip of his or her nose with each index finger, alternating hands and increasing speed. Normally this is done with accurate and smooth movement.
Worsening of coordination when the eyes are closed occurs with cerebellar disease or alcohol intoxication.
Finger-to-Nose Test.
51
also is used to check for hip dislocation by comparing leg lengths. Place the baby's feet flat on the table and flex the knees up. Scan the tops of the knees; normally they are at the same elevation.
The Allis test
52
Cranial Nerve for : Swallowing, gag reflex
#9 Glossopharyngeal
53
Hold the infant upright under the arms, with the feet on a flat surface. Note regular alternating steps. The reflex disappears before voluntary walking.
Stepping Reflex.
54
Place the baby's head midline to ensure symmetric response. Offer your finger from the baby's ulnar side, away from the thumb. Note tight grasp of all the baby's fingers. Sucking enhances grasp. Often you can pull baby to a sit from grasp. The reflex is present at birth, is strongest at 1 to 2 months, and disappears at 3 to 4 months.
Palmar Grasp.
55
Ask the person to walk a straight line in a heel-to-toe fashion (__________). This decreases the base of support and will accentuate any problem with coordination. Normally the person can walk straight and stay balanced.
tandem walking
56
Stroke your finger up the lateral edge and across the ball of the infant's foot. Note fanning of toes (positive ______ reflex. The reflex is present at birth and disappears (changes to the adult response) by 24 months of age (variable).
Babinski Reflex.
57
- Increased tone or hypertonia; increased resistance to passive lengthening; then may suddenly give way (clasp-knife phenomenon) like a pocket knife sprung open.
Spasticity
58
—Moving a limb away from the midline of the body
Abduction
59
—Bending a limb at a joint
Flexion
60
When caring for a pt. with the nursing dx impaired swallowing r/t neuromuscular impairment, the RN should:
1. Place pt. supine
2. Raise HOB 90 degrees during meals
3. Encourage pt. to remove dentures
4. Encourage thin liquids
2
61
Test the person's ability to perceive passive movements of the extremities. Move a finger or the big toe up and down and ask the person to tell you which way it is moved. The test is done with the eyes closed; but, to be sure that it is understood, have the person watch a few trials first. Vary the order of movement up or down. Hold the digit by the sides since upward or downward pressure on the skin may provide a clue as to how it has been moved. Normally a person can detect movement of a few millimeters.
Position (Kinesthesia).
62
Fingers drift to the ulnar side because of stretching of the articular capsule and muscle imbalance. Also note subluxation and swelling in the joints and muscle atrophy on the dorsa of the hands. This is caused by chronic RA.
better pain relief with movement
Ulnar Deviation or Drift
63
—Moving a limb toward the midline of the body
Adduction
64
Touch the lips and offer your gloved little finger to suck. Note strong sucking reflex. The reflex is present at birth and disappears at 10 to 12 months.
Sucking Reflex
65
– Help muscle & tendon glide over bone
Bursa (e)
66
You are an RN on a rehab unit caring for a pt. s/p head injury sustained in a motor vehicle collision (MVC). You note that the pt. has become restless & agitated during therapy, earlier your assessment found him cooperative during therapy. What is your priority action?
1. Gather assessment data & notify MD of change in status
2. Contact MD to request an antipsychotic med
3. Consult social worker to d/c from facility
4. Tell pt. to behave during therapy
1
67
—Increased pain sensation.
Hyperalgesia
68
The nurse notes asymmetry of the iliac crests while inspecting the spine of a 19 year-old female patient. The patient’s spine has a curvature to the right. The nurse would correctly document which of the following choices?
1. Kyphosis
2. Scoliosis
3. Ankylosis
4. Lordosis
2
69
—Straightening a limb at a joint
Extension
70
—Moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
Retraction
71
is tested by the person's ability to perceive a pinprick. Break a tongue blade lengthwise, forming a sharp point at the fractured end and a dull spot at the rounded end. Lightly apply the sharp point or the dull end to the person's body in a random, unpredictable order, ask the person to say “sharp” or “dull,” depending on the sensation felt.
Let at least 2 seconds elapse between each stimulus to avoid summation.
Pain
72
With one hand under neck and other hand on person's chest, sharply flex chin on chest and watch hips and knees.
Resistance and pain in neck, with flexion of hips and knees is posiive for
Meningeal irritation
73
—Decreased touch sensation.
Hypoesthesia
74
7 Motor Function Assessment tests
```
Rapid alternating movements (RAM)
Finger-to-Finger Test
Finger-to-Nose Test
Heel-to-Shin Test
Tandem Walking
The Romberg Test
Gait
```
75
—Increased touch sensation.
Hyperesthesia
76
Cranial Nerve for : PERRLA
#3 Oculomotor
77
Cranial Nerve for : EOM (superior oblique)
#4 Trochlear
78
Cranial Nerve for: Rise of the uvula, gag reflex
#10 Vagus
79
(two bones in a joint stay in contact, but their alignment is off),
subluxation
80
– Functional unit of musculoskeletal system
Joints
81
—Absent pain sensation.
Analgesia
82
```
“Shuffling” gait
Stooped posture
“Pill rolling” tremor
Dysphagia
“Mask-like” facial expression
```
What medical disease is characterized by these signs & symptoms
Parkinson’s patient
83
Ask the person to stand up with feet together and arms at the sides. Once in a stable position, ask him or her to close the eyes and to hold the position. Wait about 20 seconds. Normally a person can maintain posture and balance even with the visual orienting information blocked, although slight swaying may occur. (Stand close to catch the person in case he or she falls.)
The Romberg Test.
84
Cranial Nerve for: Close eyes & detect odor
#1Olfactory (smell)
85
Startle the infant by jarring the crib, making a loud noise, or supporting the head and back in a semi-sitting position and quickly lowering the infant to 30 degrees. The baby looks as if he or she is hugging a tree: symmetric abduction and extension of the arms and legs, fanning fingers, and curling of the index finger and thumb to C-position occur. The infant then brings in both arms and legs. The reflex is present at birth and disappears at 1 to 4 months.
Moro Reflex.
86
6 Sensory Function Assessments
are assessed with patients_______
```
Pain (sharp & dull)
Light Touch
Vibration
Position
Stereognosis & Graphesthesia
Discrimination: 2-point
```
Assess with patient’s eyes closed!
87
A lateral S-shaped curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine, usually with involved vertebrae rotation. Note unequal shoulder and scapular height and unequal hip levels, rib interspaces flared on convex side.
Scoliosis
88
With the baby supine, relaxed, or sleeping, turn the head to one side with the chin over shoulder. Note ipsilateral extension of the arm and leg and flexion of the opposite arm and leg; this is the “fencing” position. If you turn the infant's head to the opposite side, positions will reverse. The reflex appears by 2 to 3 months, decreases at 3 to 4 months, and disappears by 4 to 6 months.
Tonic Neck Reflex.
89
Spastic Hemiparesis
UMN lesion of the corticospinal tract (e.g., stroke, trauma)
90
Let the lower legs dangle freely to flex the knee and stretch the tendons. Strike the tendon directly just below the patella. Extension of the lower leg is the expected response. You also will palpate contraction of the quadriceps.
Quadriceps Reflex (“Knee Jerk”) (L2 to L4).
91
—Turning the forearm so the palm is down
Pronation
92
– Provide shape to body, facilitate movement
Muscles
93
• The ______ lobe's postcentral gyrus is the primary center for sensation.
parietal
94
Cerebellar Ataxia
Alcohol or barbiturate effect on cerebellum; cerebellar tumor; multiple sclerosis
95
With the person's eyes open, ask that he or she use the index finger to touch your finger and then his or her own nose. After a few times, move your finger to a different spot. The person's movement should be smooth and accurate.
occurs with cerebellar disorders or acute alcohol intoxication.
Finger-to-Finger Test
96
– Attach bone to bone
Ligaments
97
Scissors
Paraparesis of legs, multiple sclerosis
98
Cranial Nerve for : Snellen chart, visual fields
#2 Optic (vision)
99
The _______ lobe behind the ear has the primary auditory reception center, with functions of hearing, taste, and smell.
temporal
100
Abnormal Gait where
Posture is stooped; trunk is pitched forward; elbows, hips, and knees are flexed. Steps are short and shuffling. Hesitation to begin walking, and difficult to stop suddenly. The person holds the body rigid. Walks and turns body as one fixed unit. Difficulty with any change in direction.
Parkinsonian (Festinating)
101
Deep Tendon Reflexes point scale
4+ Very brisk, hyperactive with clonus, indicative of disease
3+ Brisker than average, may indicate disease, probably normal
2+ Average, normal
1+ Diminished, low normal, or occurs only with reinforcement
0 No response
102
Test the person's ability to recognize objects by feeling their forms, sizes, and weights. With his or her eyes closed, place a familiar object (paper clip, key, coin, cotton ball, or pencil) in the person's hand and ask him or her to identify it. Normally a person will explore it with the fingers and correctly name it. Test a different object in each hand; testing the left hand assesses right parietal lobe functioning.
Stereognosis.
103
is the ability to “read” a number by having it traced on the skin. With the person's eyes closed, use a blunt instrument to trace a single digit number or a letter on the palm. Ask the person to tell you what it is. Graphesthesia is a good measure of sensory loss if the person cannot make the hand movements needed for stereognosis, as occurs in arthritis.
Graphesthesia
104
Abnormal Gait where
Arm is immobile against the body, with flexion of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and fingers and adduction of shoulder; does not swing freely. Leg is stiff and extended and circumducts with each step (drags toe in a semicircle
Spastic Hemiparesis
105
Abnormal Gait where
Slapping quality—Looks as if walking up stairs and finding no stair there. Lifts knee and foot high and slaps it down hard and flat to compensate for footdrop.
Steppage or Footdrop
106
subjective data for NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM
1. Headache
2. Head injury
3. Dizziness/vertigo
4. Seizures
5. Tremors
6. Weakness
7. Incoordination
8. Numbness or tingling
9. Difficulty swallowing
10. Difficulty speaking
11. Patient-centered care
12. Environmental/occupational hazards
107
Test lower-extremity coordination by asking the person, who is in a supine position, to place the heel on the opposite knee and run it down the shin from the knee to the ankle. Normally the person moves the heel in a straight line down the shin.
Heel-to-Shin Test.
108
Unsteady gait
Unilateral weakness
Difficulty speaking
are signs of what
Face-symmetrical
Arms-no drifts
Speech-clear
Timing
CVA
stroke
109
Abnormal Posture where
Prolonged arching of back, with head and heels bent backward. This indicates meningeal irritation.
Opisthotonos
110
A patient comes to the emergency department complaining of a painful injury to the right knee. The nurse would include which of the following in the assessment of this patient? (Select all that apply)
1. Allis
2. Tinel
3 Bulge
4. Ballottement
5. Lasegue
3&4
111
An adult has a fx lt. radius, which has been surgically repaired. While performing an assessment of this pt. the nurse will correctly identify which of these findings as emergent?
1. Pain at the fracture site
2. Swelling of the fingers of lt. hand
3. Cap refill >3 seconds of the fingers of lt. hand
4. Warm fingers of lt. hand
3
112
The nurse is assessing cranial nerves. To assess the function of cranial nerve II (optic), the nurse should assess the pts. ability to:
1. Smell & identify an odor
2. Read an eye chart from 20 ft.
3. Elevate the shoulders with & without resistance
4. Move the eyes in 6 positions
2
113
Brush the infant's cheek near the mouth. Note whether he or she turns the head toward that side and opens the mouth. Appears at birth and disappears at 3 to 4 months.
Rooting Reflex.
114
________ area in the frontal lobe mediates motor speech. When injured in the dominant hemisphere, expressive aphasia results; the person cannot talk. The person can understand language and knows what he or she wants to say but can produce only a garbled sound.
Broca's
115
Abnormal Gait where
Staggering, wide-based gait; difficulty with turns; uncoordinated movement with positive Romberg sign.
Cerebellar Ataxia
116
Test the person's ability to distinguish the separation of two simultaneous pin points on the skin. Apply the two points of an opened paper clip lightly to the skin in ever-closing distances. Note the distance at which the person no longer perceives two separate points. The level of perception varies considerably with the region tested; it is most sensitive in the fingertips (2 to 8 mm) and least sensitive on the upper arms, thighs, and back (40 to 75 mm).
Two-Point Discrimination.
117
—Raising a body part
Elevation
118
Abnormal Gait where
Leg length discrepancy >2.5 cm (1 inch). Vertical telescoping of affected side, which dips as person walks. Appearance of gait varies, depending on amount of accompanying muscle dysfunction.
Short Leg
119
Cranial Nerve for : Tongue movement
#12 Hypoglossal
120
Ask the person to hold both hands back to back while flexing the wrists 90 degrees. Acute flexion of the wrist for 60 seconds produces no symptoms in the normal hand
Phalen Test
121
Abnormal Posture where
Upper extremities—flexion of arm, wrist, and fingers; adduction of arm (i.e., tight against thorax). Lower extremities—extension, internal rotation, plantar flexion. This indicates hemispheric lesion of cerebral cortex.
Decorticate Rigidity
122
An adult pt. who is s/p rt. total hip replacement (RTH) asks you about “moving around in bed.” What is the nurses response?
1. The pt. should remain supine for 48 hrs. with the affected leg in an inward rotated position
2. The pt. can cross their legs for comfort
3. A supine position with the head elevated 75-90 degrees
4. The pt. will be repositioned using an abductor pillow between the legs
4
123
______ area in the temporal lobe is associated with language comprehension. When damaged in the person's dominant hemisphere, receptive aphasia results. The person hears sound, but it has no meaning, like hearing a foreign language.
Wernicke's
124
- a standardized, objective assessment that defines the level of consciousness by giving it a numeric value. (1.eye opening 2.verbal response 3.motor response) A fully alert, normal person has a score of 15, whereas a score of 7 or less reflects coma
Glasgow Coma Scale
125
This test is reliable when larger amounts of fluid are present.
Use your left hand to compress the suprapatellar pouch to move any fluid into the knee joint. With your right hand push the patella sharply against the femur. If no fluid is present, the patella is already snug against the femur
Ballottement of the Patella
126
—Turning the forearm so the palm is up
Supination
127
Cranial Nerve for : Shoulder & head movement
#11 Spinal Accessory
128
Flexion contracture resembles curve of a swan's neck, as in metacarpophalangeal joint.
Then hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal joint, and flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint. It occurs with chronic RA and is often accompanied by ulnar drift of the fingers.
swan neck
129
Steppage or Footdrop
Weakness of peroneal and anterior tibial muscles; caused by LMN lesion at spinal cord (e.g., poliomyelitis)
130
Cranial Nerve for : Lateral eye movement
#6 Abducens
131
A 55 year-old male pt. sitting in a chair begins to have a seizure. The most appropriate nursing action is to:
1. Hold the pts. arm still to keep him from hitting anything
2. Carefully move pt. to a flat surface and position on side
3. Keep the pt. in the chair but move objects away
4. Place an oral airway into the pts. mouth
2
132
A pronounced lumbar curve, or lordosis
An exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback) that causes significant back pain and limited mobility
normal with age
kyphosis,
133
—Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
Eversion
134
Damage to which area of the brain results in aphasia?
(Select all that apply)
1. Parietal
2. Occipital
3. Temporal
4. Frontal
Where is Broca’s & Wernicke’s area
3&4
135
. Support the person's forearm on yours; this position relaxes and partially flexes the person's arm. Place your thumb on the biceps tendon and strike a blow on your thumb. You can feel as well as see the normal response, which is contraction of the biceps muscle and flexion of the forearm
Biceps Reflex (C5 to C6)
136
Ask the person to hold both hands back to back while flexing the wrists 90 degrees. Acute flexion of the wrist for 60 seconds produces no symptoms in the normal hand
positive if pain/ numbness occur
Carpal Tunnel Assessment
Phalen Test
137
reveals the intactness of the reflex arc at specific spinal levels and the normal override on the reflex of the higher cortical levels.
Stretch Reflexes or Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRs)
138
Touch your thumb at the ball of the baby's foot. Note that the toes curl down tightly. The reflex is present at birth and disappears at 8 to 10 months.
Plantar Grasp.
139
Abnormal Posture where
Upper extremities stiffly extended, adducted; internal rotation, palms pronated. Lower extremities stiffly extended; plantar flexion; teeth clenched; hyperextended back. More ominous than decorticate rigidity; indicates lesion in brainstem at midbrain or upper pons.
Decerebrate Rigidity
