Semantics Flashcards
(30 cards)
semantics
the study of the meaning of morphemes, words, phrases and sentences.
pragmatics
the meaning of language in its context of use.
metaphor
a figure of speech in which a term is transferred from the object it ordinarily designates to an object it may designate only by implicit comparison or analogy.
pragmatics
the way speakers use language to express themselves.
metonymy
a figure of speech in which an attribute or commonly associated feature is used to name or designate something.
synecdoche
a figure of speech by which a more inclusive term is used for a less inclusive one, or vice versa
connotation
the particular ones evoked depend upon the context in which words are used.
denotation
connotation can become denotation.
syntagmatic
the way lexemes are related in sentences.
paradigmatic
the way words can substitute for each other in the same sentence context.
synonymy
the sameness of meaning.
hyponymy
inclusion of meaning.
antonymy
oppositeness of meaning.
incompatibility
mutual exclusiveness within the same superordinate category.
homonymy
two words are homonyms if they are (accidentally) pronounced the same.
polysemy
a single word is polysemous if it has several meanings.
compositional semantics
arises in the case of natural language meaning.
reference
what it corresponds to in the world.
sense
whether or not we know anything about its extension.
possible worlds semantics
extensional.
principle of compositionality
the semantic meaning of any unit of language is determined by the semantic meanings of its parts along with the way they are put together.
denotative meaning
the essential qualities of a concept that distinguish it from other concepts.
connotative meaning
the additional or associated meaning, is attached to the denotative, conceptual meaning. It consists of associations made with a concept whenever that concept is referred to.
social meaning
a word possesses by virtue of its use in particular social situations and
circumstances.
