semantics

Question 1

semantics

Answer 1

study of meaning

Question 2

speaker-reference

Answer 2

study of reference, is what the speaker is referring to by using some linguistic expression.

Question 3

linguistic-reference

Answer 3

study of reference, is the systematic denotation of some linguistic expression as part of language.

Question 4

referent

Answer 4

the entity identified by the use of referring expression such as noun or noun phrase is the referent of that expression.

Question 5

extension

Answer 5

refers to the set of all potential referents for a referring expression.

Question 6

stereotype

Answer 6

a list of characteristics describing a prototype.

Question 7

prototype

Answer 7

a typical member of the extension of a referring expression.

Question 8

coreference

Answer 8

two linguistic expressions that refer to the same real-world entity.

Question 9

anaphora

Answer 9

a linguistic expression that refers to another linguistic expression.

Question 10

deixis

Answer 10

a deictic expression has one meaning but can refer to different entities depending on the speaker and his or her spatial and temporal orientation.

Question 11

the principle of compositionality

Answer 11

the semantic meaning of any unit of language determined by the semantic meanings of its parts along with the way they are put together.

Question 12

theory of naming

Answer 12

maintains that language is a communication system which works with two elements; the signifier is a word in the language and the signified is the object.

Question 13

conceptual theory of meaning

Answer 13

intuition and introspection must play a crucial part in our investigation of language.

Question 14

behaviorist theory of meaning

Answer 14

description of a language is not complete without some reference to the context of situation in which the language operated.

Question 15

synonymy

Answer 15

two or more forms with very closely related meanings, which are often but not always intersubstitutable in sentences.

Question 16

antonymy

Answer 16

two forms with opposite meanings.

Question 17

gradable

Answer 17

type of antonymy which can be used in comparative constructions. the negative of on member does not necessarily imply the other.

Question 18

no-gradable

Answer 18

type of antonymy which they are not normally used in comparative constructions and the negative of one member does imply the other.

Question 19

hyponymy

Answer 19

when the meaning of one form is included in the meaning of another, the relationship is called hyponymy.

Question 20

homography

Answer 20

when two or more forms are the same only in writing but different in pronunciation and meaning they are described as homographs.

Question 21

polysemy

Answer 21

one form of writing or speaking having multiple meanings which are all related by extension.

Question 22

metonymy

Answer 22

this relationship is essentially based on a close connection in everyday experience. it may be container-content relation; a whole-part relation (car-wheels; or a representative-symbol relation (king-crown).

Question 23

collocation

Answer 23

those words which tend to occur with other words.

Question 24

analytic sentences

Answer 24

is one that is necessarily true simply by virtue of the words in it.

Question 25

contradictory sentences

Answer 25

necessarily false for the same reason as analytic sentences.

Question 26

synthetic sentences

Answer 26

maybe true or false depending upon how the world is. they are not true or false because of the words that comprise them but rather because they do no or do not accurately describe some state of affairs in the world.

Question 27

entailment

Answer 27

a proposition that follows necessarily from another sentence.

Question 28

presupposition

Answer 28

is a preposition (expressed in sentence) that must be assumed to be true in order to judge the truth or falsity of another sentence.

Question 29

denotative meaning

Answer 29

an aspect of meaning of a word, in which has logical meaning that indicates the essential qualities of a concept that distinguish it from other concepts.

Question 30

thematic meaning

Answer 30

it lies in the manner in which a message is organized for emphasis.