Semester 1

Question 1

Nutrient

Answer 1

Any chemical substance obtained from food and used in the body for metabolic processes

Question 2

Organic

Answer 2

Substance contains carbon atoms in its structure

Question 3

Inorganic

Answer 3

Substance does NOT contain carbon atoms in its structure

Question 4

True or false
Non-nutrients are essential for growth and maintenance of our bodies

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Essential nutrients

Answer 5

Nutrients that cannot be made by the body

Question 6

Non-essential nutrients

Answer 6

Nutrients that can be made by the body

Question 7

Conditionally essential nutrients

Answer 7

The body can’t make enough of a non-essential nutrient (only essential in certain conditions or circumstances) to

Question 8

Macronutrients

Answer 8

Generally consumed in gram quantities

Question 9

Micronutrients

Answer 9

Generally consumed in milligram or microgram quantities. Can be further categorized down into vitamins and minerals

Question 10

How many essential vitamins in our diet?

Answer 10

13

Question 11

How many essential minerals in our diet?

Answer 11

16

Question 12

Are vitamins inorganic or organic components?

Answer 12

Organic

Question 13

Are minerals inorganic or organic components?

Answer 13

Inorganic

Question 14

Non-nutrient

Answer 14

Any other chemical substance obtained from food that does not meet the definition of a nutrient. Some can be beneficial
for our health, others have no impact, and others are detrimental (e.g. phytochemicals, pigments, additives, alcohol)

Question 15

Carbohydrate kilojoules per gam

Answer 15

17kj/g

Question 16

Protein kilojoules per gam

Answer 16

17kJ/g

Question 17

Fat kilojoules per gam

Answer 17

37kJ/g

Question 18

Alcohol kilojoules per gam

Answer 18

29kJ/g

Question 19

What is energy intake

Answer 19

Food consumed
Drinks consumed (incl. alcohol)

Question 20

What is energy expenditure

Answer 20

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Physical Activity
Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

Question 21

BMR

Answer 21

Basal Metabolic Rate

Question 22

TEF

Answer 22

Thermic Effect of Food

Question 23

Energy intake - energy expenditure =?

Answer 23

Energy balance

Question 24

Energy intake - physical activity energy expenditure =?

Answer 24

Energy availability

Question 25

How do we measure energy in food

Answer 25

Bomb calorimeter

Question 26

What is a bomb calorimeter

Answer 26

Used to measure the energy food provides. When food is burned, energy is released in the form of heat. Heat energy is measured in kilojoules

Question 27

How to calculate Kcal (calories)

Answer 27

Divide kilojoules by 4.184

Question 28

How to calculate macronutrient energy distribution

Answer 28

Divide kilojoules of each macronutrient (e.g. protein) by the total kilojoules of macronutrients (e.g. CHO, protein, fat, alcohol)

Question 29

Component (or compound)

Answer 29

A general term used in food composition to refer to all chemical substances found in foods, and it encompasses not only nutrients

Question 30

Examples of components

Answer 30

Nutrients Bioactive compounds Antinutrients Toxic chemicals Additivies

Question 31

True or false Terms components and nutrients are often used synonomously

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Macronutrient fractions

Answer 32

A kind of building blocks of the macronutrients such as amino acids of proteins; fatty acids of fat; mono-, di-, oligo- and polysaccharides of carbohydrates

Question 33

What are bioactive components in plants called?

Answer 33

Phytochemicals

Question 34

Examples of phytochemicals

Answer 34

Flavonoids, isoflavons, coumestans, lignans

Question 35

Examples of antinutrients

Answer 35

Phytates (phytic acid), goitrogens, haemagglutinins, antivitamin factors, trypsin inhibitors, oxalic acid, or tannins (which decrease non-heme iron absorption)

Question 36

Organic molecules One or more specific function Can only function intact Most cannot be synthesised endogenously What are they?

Answer 36

Vitamins