Semester 1 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What factors make an elite athlete?
Genetics, fitness, psychological factors, superior physical skill
What does the beep test measure?
Muscular endurance, aerobic capacity
What does the grip test measure?
Muscular power
What does the 50m sprint test measure?
Muscular power, aerobic capacity
What does the jump test measure?
Muscular power
What does the sit and reach test measure?
Flexibility
What does the wall sit test measure?
Muscular endurance
How many energy systems work at once? Explain how.
3 energy system can work at once. It happens when, as one energy system is being used, the others are charging. For example, in a 400m sprint, the first 10 metres are your ATP-PC system, the next 150 is your anaerobic glycosis, and the last 200 or so is your aerobic system.
What fuel is used for ATP-CP and what muscle fibres are involved?
Phosphate and white muscle fibres.
What fuel is used for the anaerobic system and what muscle fibres are involved?
The fuel is glycolysis from glucose and muscle is white muscle and some red muscle.
What is the main energy for aerobic system and what muscles are involved?
The fuel for the aerobic system is glucose and the muscle is red
How much carbs, fats and protein should you have for a balanced diet?
60% carbs, 20% protein and 20% fat.
What is GI?
GI means glycemic index, which is a measurement of how fast the glucose in specific foods hit the blood stream.
Give three examples of high GI foods
White bread
White rice
Potatoes and potato products
Give three examples of low GI food
Lentils and beans
Wholegrain bread
Pasta
Explain carb loading
Changing your diet to maximise how much muscle and liver glycogen is stored. Start carb loading 3-4 days before.
When does an athlete need to replenish glycogen and when?
The best way athletes can quickly replenish muscle glycogen is to consume 1.5 g of high-glycemic carbohydrates per 1 kg of body weight immediately after exercise.
What causes fatigue?
Fatigue is caused when glycogen stores are depleted in muscles.
What are ergogenic aids?
Ergogenic aids are substances that enhance your mental or physical performance. Some legal examples are; caffeine, sport drinks, and other electrolyte drinks that replenish nutrients lost in sweat.
Explain how steroids benefit athletes and what type of athletes benefit from them?
Athletes benefit from steroids because it makes them much stronger and gives them the ability to go harder for longer. Sports that often involves the use of steroids are swimming, sprinting, boxing, cycling and weight lifting.
Explain EPO.
EPO, or blood doping, is the procedure of removing blood from ones body, replenishing the nutrients in it, and then putting it back into the athlete. This is used mostly in cycling, as it massively improves stamina.
What are the two types of blood doping?
EPO and blood transfusions.
Explain the inverted U theory.
The inverted U theory refers to an athletes arousal. If an athlete is not psyched up for his event, performance will be below par.
How can attention be improved?
By drinking lots of caffeine before an event.
