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Semester 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Iliohypogastric Nerve

A

Anterior rami L1
Sensory innervation to lateral gluteal skin, and pubiv skin.
Motor innervation of internal oblique and transversus abdominus.

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2
Q

Genitofemoral Nerve

A

Anterior rami of L1 and L2.
Sensory innervation to scrotum/mons pubis, skin of anterior upper thigh.
Motor innervation of cremasteric muscle.
Has 2 branches - genito and femoral.

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3
Q

Muscular layers of Stomach - superficial to deep

A

Serosa
Muscularis externa
Submucosa
Mucosa (Rugae)

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4
Q

Blood supply to the greater curvature of the stomach

A

Gastro-epipoloic vessels
Right is a brach of the gasproduodenal from the common hepatic.
Left is from splenic

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5
Q

Blood supply of lesser curvature of the stomach

A

Left gastric is a branch of coeliac axis

Right gastric is a branch of common hepatic

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6
Q

Fundus of stomach blood supply

A

short gastric from splenic

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7
Q

Coeliac axis

A

Common hepatic, left gastric, splenic.

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8
Q

Venous drainage of stomach

A

Gastric veins to hepatic portal vein
Left gastroepiploic and short gastric -> splenic vein -> portal vein
Right gastroepiploic goes to SMV then portal vein.

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9
Q

Inferior border of heart

A

Right ventricle

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10
Q

Ligamentum arteriosum

A

Fibrous remnant of ductus arteriosus

Left recurrent laryngeal runs posterior

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11
Q

Right coronary branch supplies

A

Right atrium and ventricle, SA node, AV node, posterior 1/3 of IV septum, part of L. ventricle

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12
Q

Left coronary branch supplies

A

Left atrium and ventricle, anterior 2/3s of IV septum, AV bundle, part of R ventricle.

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13
Q

Which coronary veins don’t drain into the coronary sinus

A

Anterior cardiac veins - direct to right atrium.

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14
Q

LAD drains into which vein

A

Great cardiac vein

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15
Q

Posterior interventricular artery drains into which vein

A

middle cardiac vein

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16
Q

Right marginal vein drains into which vein

A

small cardiac vein

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17
Q

Features of right atrium

A

Crista terminalis - between striated and smooth muscle.
Opening of coronary sinus.
Fossa ovalis

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18
Q

Features of right ventricle

A

Moderator band, capillary muscles, chord tendinae, tricuspid valve, trabecular carnae (muscular ridges on ventricle wall).

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19
Q

Features of left atrium

A

Fossa ovalis

mitral valve

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20
Q

Features of left ventricle

A

tendinae chordae

papillary muscles

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21
Q

Progression of bronchi

A

Lobar bronchi, segmental, conducting bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

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22
Q

Typical Ribs

A

3-9

head is wedge shaped, 2 articular surfaces, neck, body is flat thin and curved.

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23
Q

Atypical ribs

A

1st, 2nd, 10th-12th

Iv disc articulates with crest

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24
Q

True ribs

A

1-7 connect with sternum with own cartilage

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25
False ribs
8-10th attach to sternum via cartilage of ribs above
26
Floating ribs
11th -12th - no connection with sternum
27
Features of rib 1
Groove for subclavian artery. | Scalene tubercle - anterior scalene attaches. Synchondrosis - primary cartilaginous joint
28
Sternal angle
Manubriosternal joint
29
Costotransverse joint
Transverse provers of same number articulates with tubercle of rib
30
Movement of ribs 1-6
Pump handle movement
31
Movement ribs of 7-12
Bucket handle movement
32
Secondary muscles of respiration
``` Scalene muscles Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Pec Minor/Major Abdominal muscles Serratus posterior Levator scapulae ```
33
Pectoralis major
Supplied by medial C8-T1 and lateral pectoral nerves C5-7
34
Pectoralis minor
medial pectoral nerve C8 T1
35
Nerve supply of external oblique
anterior rami of T7-T12
36
Nerve supply of Serratur anterior
Long thoracic nerve
37
Rectus abdominus
Anterior rami of T7-T12
38
Action of external intercostal muscles
Raise ribs superiorly in inspiration
39
Action of internal intercostal muscles
Interosseous part depresses ribs, interchondral part raises ribs
40
Anterior intercostal arteries (from internal thoracic artery) drain into
anterior intercostal veins -> internal thoracic vein
41
Posterior intercostal veins drain into
azygous/hemiazygous venous system.
42
Ligamentum teres is an embryological remnant of
umbilical vein
43
Features of bare area of liver
Attached to diaphragm, not covered by visceral peritoneum
44
Features of porta hepatitis
Essentially hilum Attachment of lesser omentum Bile duct, portal vein, hepatic artery, ANS fibres, lymph nodes(drain to coeliac).
45
Location of hepatic veins and drainage
posterior surface of liver and drain directly into IVC.
46
Pain from liver is referred to
epigastric region, and occasionally shoulder tip if diaphragmatic irritation.
47
Arterial supply and lymphatic drainage of gallbladder
Cystic artery, from R hepatic artery. Lymph drains to hepatic then coeliac.
48
Arterial Supply of pancreas
Dorsal pancreatic artery (from splenic) Superior pancreatoduodenal (from gastroduodenal which is from hepatic) Inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries (from SMA)
49
Route of inferior mesenteric vein
Joins splenic vein which then follows into superior mesenteric vein
50
Features of Camper's Fascia
Fatty and superficial Continues over inguinal ligament to thigh and perineum. M - dartos, fascia of scrotum F - labia majorum
51
Features of Scarpa's fascia
Membranous and deep Attaches to line alba and pubic symphysis. Fuses with fascia late. Formes Colles membrane in perineum, in males forms dartos and fundiform ligament of penis.
52
Attachement of external oblique
Ribs 5-12 | Illiac breast and linae alba
53
Attachment of internal oblique
Ribs 9-12 | Inguinal ligament and iliac breast
54
Attachment fo Transversus fascicles
Coastal cartilages 7-12 | Linae alba, pubic breast and pectineal line.
55
Attachements of rectus abdominus
Xiphoid process to costal cartilages ribs 5-7 | Pubic tubercle, crest, symphysis
56
Differences to the rectus sheath above and below the arcuate line
ABOVE - in the aponeurosis of internal oblique encompasses rectus sheath BELOW - Rectus sheath posterior to all aponeurosis ie lies directly on transversalis fascia
57
Median umbilical ligament remnant of
urachus remnant
58
Medial umbilical ligament remnant of
umbilical artery
59
The lateral umbilical fold contains
inferior epigastric veins
60
Lymphatic drainage of superficial anterior abdominal wall
anterior + posterior axillary | Superficial inguinal
61
Lymphatic drainage of deep anterior abdominal wall
Parasternal nodes Lumbar nodes External iliac nodes.
62
Superficial inguinal ring
``` Triangle in external oblique Superior to pubic crest - medial crura Inferior border is inguinal ligament Lateral crura by pubic tubercle Superior margin formed by aponeurosis of EX OB Exit of inguinal canal ```
63
Deep Inguinal ring
Oval opening in transversalis fascia Halfway between pubic symphysis and ASIS Just medial is the inferior epigastric artery
64
Inguinal Canal
Ilioinguinal nerve, genito branch of genitofemoral nerve and spermatic cord
65
Indirect hernia
congenital weakness at deep inguinal ring.
66
Contents of spermatic cord
``` Vas deferens Testicular artery and vein Cremasteric artery Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve Lymph vessels Autonomic vessels ```
67
Covering of spermatic cord
Internal spermatic fascia (trasversalis covering) Cremasteric muscle (in ob covering) External spermatic fascia (ex ob covering)
68
Right recurrent laryngeal route
Loops under right subclavian
69
Left recurrent laryngeal route
Recurrent arches under arch of aorta, posterior to ligamentum arteriosus.
70
Level of carina
T4/5
71
3 constrictions of oesophagus
Arch of aorta Left bronchus Oesophageal hiatus at diaphragm
72
Level of beginning of oesophagus and crossing into abdomen
C6 | T10
73
Right 1st posterior intercostal vein drains into
BCV
74
Right posterior intercostal veins and subcostal 2-11 drains into
Azygous vein
75
Left posterior intercostal veins 1-4 drain into
Left BCV
76
Left posterior intercostal veins 5-8 drain into
Accessory hemiazygous veins
77
Left posterior intercostal veins 9-11 + subcostal drain into
hemiazygous veins
78
Greater splanchnic nerve
T5-9 - coeliac and superior mesenteric veins
79
Lesser splanchnic nerves
T10 + 11 | superior mesenteric and coticorenal ganglia
80
Least splanchnic nerves
T12 | Corticorenal ganglia
81
Quadratus lumborum
Iliac crest to 12th rib, L1-4 transversus process T12-L4 anterior rami
82
Iliacus
Iliac fossa to join poses as iliopsoas Inserts at lesser trochanter of femur Hip flexor femoral nerve
83
Psoas
T12-L4 bodies and IV discs superficial L1-L5 deep To joint iliacus as iliopsoas - lesser trochanter of femur Raises trunk from supine, hip flexions, bend trunk laterally L2-4 lumbar plexus.
84
Aorta bifurcates at
L4
85
Common iliac unite to form IVC at
L5
86
Gonadal arteries start at level
L2
87
Level of Cisterna Chyli
L1,2

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