Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology Semester 1 > Semester 1 Exam > Flashcards

Semester 1 Exam Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

the school of psychology that emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into meaningful wholes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Psychiatrist

A

medical doctor who prescribes medications, diagnoses illness, manages treatment, provides therapy for people who need it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the seven main contemporary perspectives in psychology?

A

Sociocultural
Psychoanalytic
Educational
Evolutionary
Cognitive
Humanistic
Biological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Structuralism

A

the school of psychology founded by Wilhelm Wundt
breaks down into objective sensations and subjective feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Social-Learning Theory

A

the theory that suggests that people have the ability to change their environments or create new ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dependent Variable

A

depends on independent, outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Experimental Group

A

members receive treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Control Group

A

members do not receive treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the main purpose of a cross sectional study?

A

identify potential correlations between variables and test subjects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sample: Stratified

A

subgroups in the population are represented proportionally in the sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the limits of correlation?

A

1) it DOES describe relationships
2) it DOESN’T reveal cause and effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Laboratory-Observation Methods

A

researchers observe behavior of people or animals in laboratory settings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Naturalistic-Observation Method

A

researchers observe behavior of people or animals in their natural habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

the school of psychology founded by Sigmund Freud that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as determinants of human behavior
you can control your unconscious motives and behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

created structuralism
structuralism - objective sensations and subjective feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Aristotle

A

created associationism
associationism - experiences remind us of similar feelings in the past, loved ones makes us feel secure, thoughts and ideas seek pleasure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Behaviorism

A

the school of psychology founded by John Watson, defines psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

did rat maze testing, reinforcement when rewards for performing an action one is more likely to perform the action
BONUS adds to Watson’s behaviorism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Placebo Effect

A

feeling better simply because we expect to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Single-Blind Studies

A

participants do not know whether they are in the experimental group or control group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Double-Blind Studies

A

participants ANS experimenters are unaware of who receives the actual treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sample: Random

A

individuals selected by chance from the target population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Confidentiality

A

records of research participants and clients kept private

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When do you break confidentiality?

A

can only be released if there it a threat to themselves or others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
When is deception okay?
1) benefits of the research outweigh potential harm 2) individuals would have been willing to participate if they would have understood the benefits 3) when participants receive an explanation of the study after it was observed
26
Why are proper sampling techniques important to the surgery method of research?
it majorly can affect or alter the whole results
27
positive vs negative correlation
positive - one factor rises and the other factor rises also negative - one factor rises while the other falls
28
Independent Variable
factors that researched manipulate or control so they can figure out its effect, test variable that is changed
29
Research Process
1) forming a research question 2) forming hypothesis 3) testing hypothesis 4) analyzing results 5) drawing conclusions 6) replication if needed
30
Survey Method
people are asked to respond to a series of questions about a particular subject 1) questionnaires or interviews 2) not ALWAYS accurate people are not always honest
31
Informed Consent
people agree to or consent to participate in a research study only after they have been given a general overview of the research and had the choice to join or not
32
What are two ways researchers can avoid biased sample?
1) be objective planning studies 2) be objective when collecting and analyzing data
33
Functionalism
the school of psychology founded by William James that emphasizes the purposes of behavior and mental processes adapting to the environment, learning and maintaining behavior
34
How do the concepts of theory and principles differ?
a theory explains a phenomenon principles are a basic truth, rule, or law
35
Cognitive Activities
private, unobservable mental processes such as sensation, perception, thoughts, and problem solving your brain is a computer Cognitive = Computer
36
Theory
a set of assumptions about why something is the way it is and happens the way it does
37
Psychology
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
38
Contrast Freud's research methods to Wundt, Watson, and Skinner.
Freud researched through consultation with patients introspection while the others conducted research in the lab
39
Forensic Psychology
figures out thoughts/patterns in criminals and what a motive may have been works within criminal justice system
40
Explain how the Middle Ages explained weird behavior.
agitation and confusion was a sign of being possessed, anything not normal
41
Six Methods of Observation LLCCNT
Longitudinal Laboratory Case Study Cross Sectional Naturalistic Testing
42
What is the purpose of the peripheral nervous system and its two divisions?
the cells that make up the pns send messages between the cns and body parts two main divisions - autonomic nervous system, somatic nervous system
43
Hormones
stimulate growth and many kinds of reactions
44
Axon Terminals
small branched fibers at ends of axons SENDS messages from one neuron to the dendrites of another
45
Axon
carries messages AWAY from the cell body
46
Nature Perspective
what you inherit (genetics)
47
Nurture Perspective
environment you grow up in
48
What is the real perspective on nature vs nurture?
humans traits are influenced by genes and environment
49
Genes
genetic traits that pass down from parents to offsprings
50
What is the general purpose of kinship studies?
to better understand links between genes and our behavior
51
Somatic Nervous System
part of the peripheral nervous system - transmits sensory messages to central nervous sytem ex) touch, pain, changes in temp
52
Endocrine System
made up of all the body's different glands discerning hormones to regulate all biological processes in the body
53
Autonomic Nervous System
regulates body's vital functions, autopilot ex) heartbeat, breathing, digestion, blood pressure
54
Cerebrum
largest part of the brain that controls thinking and memory
55
Adrenal Glands
helps us deal with stressful situations BONUS located above kidney
56
Why does a spinal cord injury often result in paralysis?
spinal cord transmits messages between brain and muscles
57
Hindbrain
vital functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, breathing
58
Central Nervous System
part of nervous system that consists of brain and spinal cord
59
CAT Scan
imaging technique used to study the brain
60
Why is the cerebral cortex considered the part of the brain that makes people uniquely human? TEMMPL
it influences our thoughts emotions memory motor functions perception language
61
Dendrites
they receive information from other neurons and pass it through the cell body
62
Cerebral Cortex
consists of left and right hemispheres connected by the corpus callous
63
Longitudinal Method of Observation
studying group of participants or person at intervals over long periods of time
64
Case Study Method of Observation
in depth investigations of individuals or small groups
65
Testing Method of Observation
several types of tests measures elements such as abilities, interests, personality
66
Cross Sectional Method of Observation
compare differences and similarities among people in different age groups at any given time
67
Sociocultural Perspective
how ethnicity, gender, culture, economic income affects behavior and mental processes
68
Psychoanalytic Perspective
focuses on unconscious forces + impulses
69
Educational Perspective
skills in psychological and educational assessment techniques to help those having difficulties in learning, behavior or social adjustment, would help contribute to choosing standardized testing
70
Evolutionary Perspective
evolution of behavior + mental processes
71
Cognitive
focuses on problem solving, dreaming, studying mind and thoughts, Cognitive=Computer
72
Humanistic Perspective
focuses on mental needs + self fulfillment
73
Biological Perspective
activity of brain cells, reactions in brain, relation of chemical reactions, how hormones and genes affect behavior

Psychology Semester 1 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions