Semester 1 Exam Flashcards

Question

What is a secondary interaction/bond?

Answer 1

A generally weaker bond between molecules, often determining a molecules mp and bp. The stronger the bond, the higher the mp and bp

Answer 2

In order of weakest to strongest: dispersion, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, and ion-dipole.

Answer 3

The weakest secondary interaction, every covalent molecule has a level of dispersion between it and other molecules. The force can change depending on the shape of the molecules and the number of electrons.

Answer 4

Polar molecules have negative and positive sides, which are attracted to each other. The negative side of one molecule attracts the positive side of another, so on so forth. Likely to be l or s at rt.

Answer 5

Idk. Miss didn't tell us. Grrrrrrrrr ok real answer: a force of interaction between a charged ion (cation/anion) and a molecule's partially charged dipoles. strongest secondary interaction occurs between particles where one has a partial electric charge (the dipole) and the other has a full charge (the ion) - khan acadmey

Answer 6

Hydrogen bonding occurs between two molecules where hydrogen is bonded to a nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine. This is because hydrogen is pathetic, and is not very electronegative. So, the more electronegative parts attract to the hydrogen and they form secondary bonds.

Answer 7

The study of molecules from living things. All these molecules contain carbon. It's atoms share up to 4 electron pairs, which can make complex molecular compounds: organic compounds.

Answer 8

Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbonates and cyanide. None of these have hydrogen.

Answer 9

The simplest organic molecules are fuels made of only carbon and hydrogen. Their bond is non-polar, meaning they are insoluble in water.

Answer 10

Alkanes are the simplest family of hydrocarbons, only made of single bonds. Because each carbon has the max no. of hydrogen bonded to them as possible, they are saturated.

Answer 11

When alkanes get larger, the secondary bonds become stronger, and so the mp and bp increase. The larger these forces, the more viscous.

Answer 12

C(n)H(2n+2)

Answer 13

Meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec

Answer 14

First, count the longest chain of carbons. Next, number the carbons in the main chain, starting at the end closest to the branch. Identify where the branch is and how many carbons are in the branch. This one would be called 1-methyl hexane

Answer 15

To be unsaturated, the carbons in the hydrocarbon have to not have the max amount of hydrogen bonded to them. Therefore, they must have at least one double or triple bond.

Answer 16

Alkene!!! :D

Answer 17

1. length of side chain and location (e.g. 2-methyl) 2. number of carbons in main chain + where the double bond is (e.g. 3-but) 3. ene 2-methyl 3-butene

Answer 18

An exothermic reaction where fuel reacts with an oxidizer (normally oxygen) at high temps. This is used to realise stored energy in the fuel!!!

Answer 19

When fuel and oxygen react, and the only products are carbon dioxide and water. This happens when there is enough oxygen.

Answer 20

Incomplete combustion is where there isn't enough oxygen for the fuel to react with, and secondary products like carbon monoxide and carbon (soot) are made. They bad grr

Answer 21

liquid or gas

Answer 22

s (2), p(6), d(10), f(14)

Answer 23

carbon tetrachloride

Answer 24

dinitrogen tetraoxide

Answer 25

Triple bond baby

Answer 26

metals lose electrons, forming cations and those cations are arranged in a 3D lattice. the valence electrons on each metal more freely throughout the lattice and forms a "sea of electrons".

Answer 27

the sea of electrons makes the metal be able to conduct electricity.

Answer 28

The Aufbau principle states that an electron occupies orbitals in order from lowest energy to highest energy.

Answer 29

when a non-metal reacts with a metal, it gains an electron and forms an anion, and the metal becomes a cation. these opposite charged ions attract each other to form a lattice.

Answer 30

Hunds Rule states that Every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied before an orbital is doubly occupied. For simplicity, all singly occupied subshells have a up-spin electron

Answer 31

1s2 2s2 2p3

Answer 32

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2

Answer 33

Copper (Cu) (1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10) and Chromium (Cr) (1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5)

Answer 34

Electrons can absorb and emit electromagnetic radiation. When they absorb radiation, they move up in energy level – we call this the excited state. When they lose this energy and fall back down (ground state), they emit a photon of light energy – this is specific to each element.

Answer 35

the measure of sharing of electrons within a bond

Answer 36

when 2 atoms with similar/same electronegativity (<0.4 diff) forming the bond shares the pair of electrons equally

Answer 37

when 2 atoms forming the bond DOESN'T share the pair of electrons equally and they have different electronegativities (>0.4 diff)

Answer 38

The wavelengths of the light that is emitted from a atom when falling from excited to ground state. (Inverse of absorption)

Answer 39

if there is no difference in charge distribution and even electron density in the electron cloud, and the atoms have little/no diff in e/n

Answer 40

if there is a diff in charge distribution in the electron cloud, and one atom attracts more electrons than the other

Answer 41

δ+ or δ- (lower case delta)

Answer 42

The waves lengths of the light that is absorbed by an atom (Inverse of emission)

Answer 43

6.02x10^23 (avogadro's number)

Answer 44

mol, the quantity of materials in a sample

Answer 45

6.02x10^23 formula units

Answer 46

mass made of 1 mole (gmol^-1), same as atomic mass

Answer 47

add the masses of the atoms together

Answer 48

The physical properties of that element, particularly their half life.

Answer 49

n = m/M n=no. of moles m=actual mass M=molar mass

Answer 50

n= 15/63.546 n=0.236 mol

Answer 51

the average mass of 1 atom of a molecule/element relative to 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

Answer 52

The elemental symbol (X), with the atomic mass (A)as the superscript (top left) and the Atomic number (Z) written as the subscript (bottom left) A X Z

Answer 53

there is no unit for relative atomic mass

Answer 54

refers to the occurrence of an isotope compared to other isotopes of the same element.

Answer 55

Ar (mass of element) = (% abundance x Ar (of isotope)) + (% abundance x Ar (of isotope))

Answer 56

the fraction of mass of an element in 1 mole of the compound Found by dividing mass of each element present in 1 mole of the compound by the compound's molar mass.

Answer 57

Substances that measure less than 100 nanometers across

Answer 58

Filtration, evaporation and distillation

Answer 59

Properties that can be observed and measured without changing the substance's chemical identity (e.g. phase, colour, odour, conductivity etc.)

Answer 60

Properties that can be observed and measured as a substance's chemical identity changes (E.g. flammability, acidity, reactivity with water etc.)

Answer 61

A substance that is composed purely of one periodic chemical (E.g. Hydrogen gas, iron, graphite) Are orginised in metals, non-metals and metalloids

Answer 62

A substance that is pure composed of one molecule (E.g. water, methane gas)

Answer 63

A mixture between multiple substances that are in the same phase and are uniform in mixture through out. (E.g fruit juice)

Answer 64

A mixture between multiple substance that are not uniform in mixture through out and may be in different phase (e.g. Water and oil, water and sand)

Answer 65

The process of moving a heterogenous through a filter which separate smaller particles from larger particles, usually liquid from solid.

Answer 66

The process of heating an aqueous homogenous mixture so that the liquid evaporates away, leaving behind the solid.

Answer 67

Separating the components of a homogenous mixture of two or more liquids with different boiler points. The component with the lower boiler point boils first, the vapour is then run through a cooling tube and is the condensed liquid is collected in a separate flask.

Answer 68

The solution that can pass through a filter

Answer 69

The solid that remains in the filter

Answer 70

How many electrons an atom is gain, lose or share, determined by the element's group.

Semester 1 Exam Flashcards

(100 cards)