Semester 1 Exam

Question 1

photosynthesis definition

Answer 1

process by which plants and other autotrophic organisms obtain energy from sunlight to make their own organic compounds.

Question 2

light- dependent recation

Answer 2

• occurs on the thylakoid membrane

- chlorophyll captures solar energy and uses it to produce ATP.

Question 3

light independent reaction

Answer 3

• Calvin cycle
• produce glucose, water and ADP
• they do not require solar energy
• take place in the stroma of the chroloplast

Question 4

Word equation of photosynthesis

Answer 4

water + carbon dioxide —> glucose + oxygen

Question 5

Chemical equation of photosynthesis

Answer 5

6H2O + 6CO2 —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 6

function of chloroplasts

Answer 6

• absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide gas to produce food for the plant.
• capture light energy from the sun to make energy stored as ATP and NADPH through photosynthesis

Question 7

what are the stages of photosynthesis

Answer 7

• light dependent

- light independent

Question 8

what is photosynthesis

Answer 8

a complex process by which solar energy is converted into chemical energy stored in the form of glucose

Question 9

light-dependent reactions

Answer 9

• happens in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplast

- water is split with hydrogen ions and oxygen gas

Question 10

light independent reaction

Answer 10

• happens in the stroma of chlroplast
• dark reactions
• produce water, glucose + ADP
• does not require light

Question 11

word equation for light dependent reactions

Answer 11

water–(light energy over chlorophyll) > hydrogen ions + oxygen + ATP

Question 12

word equation for light independent reactions

Answer 12

hydrogen ions + ATP + carbon dioxide –> glucose + water + ADP

Question 13

transpiration in vascular plants

Answer 13

• transpiration is the process by which moisture is carried through plants
• from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapour and is released to the atmosphere.
• Transpiration is essentially evaporation of water from plant leaves

Question 14

what is the plasma membrane?

Answer 14

• let some things in but not others
• regulates movement in and out of cell
• composed by phospholipid bilayer

Question 15

what are phospholipids?

Answer 15

hydrophobic (water repelling) head and hydrophilic (water attracting) tail.

Question 16

difference between plant and animal cells

Answer 16

• plants have large vacuoles that also provides cells structure.
• plants have cell walls
• plants have chloroplasts in the cytoplasms plasm

Question 17

what organelles are in the plant cell?

Answer 17

vacuole, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus, nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes

Question 18

what organelles are in the animal cell?

Answer 18

vacuole, cytoplasm, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, lysosomes, ribosomes

Question 19

vacuole in plant

Answer 19

stores enzymes and other organic and inorganic molecules

Question 20

mitochondrion

Answer 20

• involved in energy transformations that release energy from organic molecules for use by cell.
• organelle where cellular reparation occurs

Question 21

cell wall plant

Answer 21

outside plasma membrane that provides support, prevents expansion and allows water and other dissolved substances to pass through.

Question 22

Golgi body

Answer 22

stack of flattened smooth membrane celled cristae, which processes and packages proteins to export out of the cell.

Question 23

ribosomes

Answer 23

site of protein synthesis

Question 24

lysosomes

Answer 24

specialised vesicles that digest unwanted matter. are recylcling units of the cell and is only found in animals

Question 25

eukaryotic cells

Answer 25

fungi plants and animals composed of eukaryotic cells. are cells that contain nucleus and organelles