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Biology > Semester 1 Exam Year 12 (MacroMolecules & Cells) > Flashcards

Semester 1 Exam Year 12 (MacroMolecules & Cells) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 bases?

A

Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine

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2
Q

What are amino aids?

A

The building blocks of proteins

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3
Q

What is the complimentary base of Uracil?

A

Adenine

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4
Q

What is an anticodon?

A

3 complimentary bases joined to the tRNA molecule

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5
Q

Out of mRNA, tRNA and DNA which is single stranded?

A

tRNA and mRNA

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6
Q

What carries the amino acid to the ribosome?

A

tRNA

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7
Q

Out of mRNA, tRNA and DNA which is only found in the cytoplasm

A

tRNA

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8
Q

What is a Codon?

A

3 complimentary bases joined to the mRNA molecule

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9
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

Acts as a template or code for proteins as well as mRNA

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10
Q

What is the function of mRNA?

A 
To carry the code to the ribosomes 
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
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11
Q

What is the function of tRNA?

A 
To carry an amino acid during translation 
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
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12
Q

What is the role of Ribosomes?

A

Attaches the appropriate tRNA anticodon to the mRNA codon to form a polypeptide chain

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13
Q

Which bases are associated with DNA?

A

A-T

C-G

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14
Q

What bases are associated with RNA?

A

A-U

C-G

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15
Q

What are the main macromolecules of life?

A

Nucleic Acid, Proteins, Polysaccharides and Lipids

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16
Q

What is an Enzyme?

A

A biological catalyst which speeds up reactions and reduces energy used

17
Q

What is a Polypeptide Chain?

A

A sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds

18
Q

What is Insulin?

A

A hormone released from the pancreas to assist in controlling blood sugar levels.

19
Q

What is a correct statement about Polysaccharides?

A

??

20
Q

What is an example of a transfer RNA nucleotide sequence

A

GGCUUUAAA

21
Q

What is the biological significance of the following statement? “The DNA in plants and animals is composed of the same chemical components”

A

Shows plants and animals share common ancestry

22
Q

What are the Chemical components of a Chromosome?

A

DNA and Protein

23
Q

What are the main components of DNA?

A

Phosphate, Sugar, Bases, Nucleotides

24
Q

What are genes?

A

specific sequences of DNA that code for particular proteins

25
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

Structures made up of DNA that carry many genes

26
Q

What is a Nucleus?

A

The organelle that contains chromosomes

27
Q

What are Cells ?

A

The basic unit of structure and function, containing the nucleus

28
Q

What is the process from Genes to Cells?

A

Genes - DNA - Chromosomes - Nucleus - Cells

29
Q

What are the stages of Protein Synthesis?

A

Transcription

Translation

30
Q

What is Transcription ?

A

DNA is turned into mRNA (messenger RNA)

31
Q

What is Translation ?

A

mRNA is turned into polypeptide chain or protein

32
Q

What are Polysaccharides?

A

Large molecular compounds of a few hundred to a few thousand simple sugar units E.G. Cellulose

33
Q

What are Lipids?

A

organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.

34
Q

What is the main Polysaccharide and Lipid associated with Animals?

A

Glycogen and Fats (solid)

35
Q

What is the main Polysaccharide and Lipid associated with Plants?

A

Starch and Oils (liquids)

Biology (3 decks)

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