Semester 1 Exam Year 12 (MacroMolecules & Cells)

Question 1

What are the 4 bases?

Answer 1

Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine

Question 2

What are amino aids?

Answer 2

The building blocks of proteins

Question 3

What is the complimentary base of Uracil?

Answer 3

Adenine

Question 4

What is an anticodon?

Answer 4

3 complimentary bases joined to the tRNA molecule

Question 5

Out of mRNA, tRNA and DNA which is single stranded?

Answer 5

tRNA and mRNA

Question 6

What carries the amino acid to the ribosome?

Answer 6

tRNA

Question 7

Out of mRNA, tRNA and DNA which is only found in the cytoplasm

Answer 7

tRNA

Question 8

What is a Codon?

Answer 8

3 complimentary bases joined to the mRNA molecule

Question 9

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 9

Acts as a template or code for proteins as well as mRNA

Question 10

What is the function of mRNA?

Answer 10

To carry the code to the ribosomes 
Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 11

What is the function of tRNA?

Answer 11

To carry an amino acid during translation 
Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 12

What is the role of Ribosomes?

Answer 12

Attaches the appropriate tRNA anticodon to the mRNA codon to form a polypeptide chain

Question 13

Which bases are associated with DNA?

Answer 13

A-T

C-G

Question 14

What bases are associated with RNA?

Answer 14

A-U

C-G

Question 15

What are the main macromolecules of life?

Answer 15

Nucleic Acid, Proteins, Polysaccharides and Lipids

Question 16

What is an Enzyme?

Answer 16

A biological catalyst which speeds up reactions and reduces energy used

Question 17

What is a Polypeptide Chain?

Answer 17

A sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds

Question 18

What is Insulin?

Answer 18

A hormone released from the pancreas to assist in controlling blood sugar levels.

Question 19

What is a correct statement about Polysaccharides?

Answer 19

??

Question 20

What is an example of a transfer RNA nucleotide sequence

Answer 20

GGCUUUAAA

Question 21

What is the biological significance of the following statement? “The DNA in plants and animals is composed of the same chemical components”

Answer 21

Shows plants and animals share common ancestry

Question 22

What are the Chemical components of a Chromosome?

Answer 22

DNA and Protein

Question 23

What are the main components of DNA?

Answer 23

Phosphate, Sugar, Bases, Nucleotides

Question 24

What are genes?

Answer 24

specific sequences of DNA that code for particular proteins

Question 25

What are chromosomes?

Answer 25

Structures made up of DNA that carry many genes

Question 26

What is a Nucleus?

Answer 26

The organelle that contains chromosomes

Question 27

What are Cells ?

Answer 27

The basic unit of structure and function, containing the nucleus

Question 28

What is the process from Genes to Cells?

Answer 28

Genes - DNA - Chromosomes - Nucleus - Cells

Question 29

What are the stages of Protein Synthesis?

Answer 29

Transcription | Translation

Question 30

What is Transcription ?

Answer 30

DNA is turned into mRNA (messenger RNA)

Question 31

What is Translation ?

Answer 31

mRNA is turned into polypeptide chain or protein

Question 32

What are Polysaccharides?

Answer 32

Large molecular compounds of a few hundred to a few thousand simple sugar units E.G. Cellulose

Question 33

What are Lipids?

Answer 33

organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.

Question 34

What is the main Polysaccharide and Lipid associated with Animals?

Answer 34

Glycogen and Fats (solid)

Question 35

What is the main Polysaccharide and Lipid associated with Plants?

Answer 35

Starch and Oils (liquids)