Semester 1 Exams

Question 1

1917 April

Answer 1

Lenin returns to russia

Question 2

1917 October

Answer 2

Bolsheviks overthrow the provisional government

Question 3

1918

Answer 3

Treaty of BT

Question 4

1918-1920

Answer 4

Civil war between bolsheviks, REDS and anti-bolsheviks, WHITES.

Question 5

1918-1921

Answer 5

Policy of war communism, millions of peasants starve to death as the army takes their grain for its own needs and urban dwellers.

Question 6

1920

Answer 6

War with Poland

Question 7

1921

Answer 7

Peace treaty signed with poland

Question 8

1921

Answer 8

NEP

Question 9

1924

Answer 9

Soviet union adopts constitution based on the dictatorship of proletariat and stipulating of private ownership of land and means of production.
Lenin dies and is replaced with trotsky/stalin

Question 10

1928

Answer 10

Adoption of first year plan, setting goals and priorities

Collectivisation of agriculture begins, Kulaks killed or bullied into giving up land. Property confiscated

Question 11

1934

Answer 11

Soviet union admitted into League of nation s

Question 12

1939 August

Answer 12

Non aggression pact

Germany invades Polan triggering WW2

Question 13

1939 September

Answer 13

Soviet troops enter Poland, which is then divided between Germany and USSR

Question 14

1939 - 1940

Answer 14

Russian Finnish war, which ends with Finland ceding territory to the USSR

Question 15

Treaty of Rapallo

Answer 15

1922

for diplomatic relations with germany

Question 16

Treaty of berlin

Answer 16

1926

promising to remain neutral with Germany in event of a third party invasion

Question 17

Great patriotic war

Answer 17

1941

war between russia and germany

Question 18

Duma taking over

Answer 18

march 11th, 1917

Question 19

Revolutions

Answer 19

1905, 1917

Question 20

Things the duma did wrong

Answer 20

stayed in the war
No help to the poor
didnt improve living standards
No radical reform
Duma was shaky and couldnt do much otherwise theyd be otherthrown
Unstable group of politicians
They didnt offer affective solutions
Lacked authority and support as they had not been elected gby the people but put themselves in control
delayed assemble of constitutional assembly

Question 21

Why the duma made russia stay in the war

Answer 21

They tried to regain land
honouring the alliance to western countries (USA Europe France)
This frustrated peasants, soldiers, and industry works, who then lost support for duma

Question 22

The july days

Answer 22

Soviet had control over postal and railways
Duel power between soviet and duma
Community on the bolsheviks side as duma failed to assembly constitutional assembly and failed to lead reforms

Question 23

Kornilov Coup

Answer 23

After the july days
Duma leader, (Alexander Kerensky) attempt to assert control over events and appointed Kornilov as commander in chief of army to reassert discipline in the army
Kornilov then moved to supress unrest in petrograd but he was arrested

Question 24

Treaty of Brest Litovsk reparations

Answer 24

Russia lost
80% coalmines
50% industry
26% railways
26% population
25% land 
to germany in return for peace and an exit out of the war.

Question 25

How bolshviks ensured survival

Answer 25

Ended russia's involvement in WW1 Land owned by the tsar, the church and the nobility was to be redistributed Religious teaching was stopped Women are to be considered equal to men All titles except "citizen" and "comrad" are abolished Factory workers should work a minimum of 8 hours All non-bolshevik newspapers to be closed

Question 26

Proletariat

Answer 26

industrial workers

Question 27

Bourgeoisie

Answer 27

the owners of factories, industries and shops, those who own a means of production

Question 28

Reasons for NEP

Answer 28

was a series of measures to move away from the tight state control of the economy introduced under war communism. Requisitioning of agriculture was to end and be replaced by a tax which allowed peasants to sell the remaining food for profit Reasons: - To increase food production by giving peasants incentive to grow more - To get the economy going again after the civil war and would provide an incentive for small businesses and help increase industrial production and trade. - To reduce opposition to the bolsheviks, make the peasants/workers like them. - to relax economic policies, especially unpopular measures associated with War communism

Question 29

Nepmen

Answer 29

A term of abuse used by bolsheviks to describe those private business people and traders who profited from the NEP

Question 30

Role of Trotsky in the Civil War

Answer 30

- he organised the Red army using 50,000 former Tsarist officers to train the Red army. - He insured strict discipline by use of the death penalty on deserters - His spirit helped the reds as many bolshevik leaders doubted the reds would defeat the whites - He directed the war on most of the major fronts - He ensured that the red army was fed and well armed.

Question 31

War Communism

Answer 31

The collapse of the Russian currency was replaced with bartering. Private trade was banned. Rationing: Food was requisitioned (taken) from the peasantry to feed the red army. Nationalism: all industry was to be controlled by the state. The reintroduction of hierarchy structures in the army and industry, in factories management was reintroduced to discipline workers and increase production rate.

Question 32

Tambov Rising 1920 to 1921

Answer 32

Was a peasant uprising, largely spontaneous, to revolt against war communism,but formed a green army and established control over a large area. Over 50,000 bolshevik red army troops were ordered to stop the revolt.

Question 33

Kronstadt Mutiny 1921

Answer 33

Sailors stationed at the Kronstadt naval base started a mutiny, against the bolsheviks The regime was in shock as the sailors has been strong supporters of the Bolshevik resolution

Question 34

Collectivisation

Answer 34

Political - Spread the party's control to the country side - extended central government control over rural areas Social - removal of influence of traditional social roles - removal of capitalist classes (elimination of the kulaks) - abolishment of peasant controlled mir (village commune) Economic - number of cattle halved between 1928 to 1933 - shortage of milk and meat - Fall in grain production, 73,3 millin tonnes in 1928 to 67.6 million tonnes in 1934 widespread famine in rural areas leading to four million deaths in 1933 - greater use of machinery in the country side after mid 1930s

Question 35

The purges

Answer 35

use of terror, launch of the Great Purges against prominent party members. Show trials were held pubically which saw former party members of the regime accused and then executed. anyone labelled "enemy of the people" was executed or taken by the secret police Stalin used this to eliminate any of his competition or opposition so he could stay in power and use fear on the russians and other opposition. Often the things the people were accused of were false allegations and were just made up by stalin to remove the person. Victims of the purges were sent to labour camps or shot

Question 36

"Permanent Revolution"

Answer 36

this was the name of the policy promoted by trotsky, which saw the need to spread world revolution as the priority after the bolshevik revolution in 1917, trotsky argued that without world revolution the revolution in russia would not survive.

Question 37

"Socialism in one country"

Answer 37

this was the name given to the policy promoted by stalin, which saw the strengthening of the revolution within russia as moe important than spreading the revolution abroad.

Question 38

Victims of the purges

Answer 38

``` LEFT WING - Zinoviev - Kamenev - Trotsky RIGHT WING - Tomsky - Bukharin - Rykov PARTY OFFICIALS - all party leaders in the soviet republics - Redek and Pyatakov CLASS ENEMIES - 15 million kulaks - "wreckers, saboteurs, spies" - Nepmen - Bourgeois experts RED ARMY - 3 out of 5 marshals - 14 out of 16 army commanders - 37,000 officers SECRET POLICE - over 3000 members of secret police - Yagonda - Yezhov ```

Question 39

Gulag/Labour camps

Answer 39

two thirds of the 1.3 million inmates in 1939 were labelled "political criminals" or "socially harmful" Nearly three quarters of a million people were executed rather than imprisoned

Question 40

Tsars

Answer 40

ruled russia since 1547 | Nicolas was a weak ruler and didnt want to be the tsar, 1891.

Question 41

January 9th 1905

Answer 41

Bloody sunday | beings the 1905 revolution

Question 42

October 17th 1905

Answer 42

Nicolas II makes the october manifesto, which brings an end to the revolution and promises civil liberties and a duma. Had one duma, dissolved in July 1906 Creates another, which the tsar dissolves in 1907 June

Question 43

NEP created goal increases of

Answer 43

110% increase in coal production 200% increase of iron production 335% increase in electric power for rapid industrialisation