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Honors English 9 > Semester 1 Final > Flashcards

Semester 1 Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Epic

A

An extended narrative poem recounting actions, travels, adventures, and heroic episodes; it may have 12 books or 24 books

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2
Q

Characteristics of classical epics

A

The main character or protagonist is heroically larger than life, often the source and subject of legend or a nation hero.
The deeds of the hero are presented without favoritism, revealing his failings as well as his virtues.
The action, often in battel, reveals the more-than-human strength of the heroes as they engage in acts of heroism and courage.
The setting covers several nations, the whole world, or even the universe.
The episodes, even though they may be fictional, provide an explanation for some of the circumstances or events in the history of a nation or people.
The gods and lesser divinities play an active role in the outcome of actions.
All of the carious adventures form an organic whole, where each event relates in some way to the central theme.

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3
Q

Epic set of conventions (epic machinery)

A

Poem begins with a statement of the theme and invocation to the muse.
Epic simile ( a long simile where the image becomes an object of art in its own right as well as serving to clarify the subject).
Long, formal speeches by important characters.
Journey to the underworld/another world.
Previous episodes in the story are later recounted.
Hero’s journey (traditionally broken down into 12 stages)

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4
Q

Heros Journey 1

A

World of common day “the ordinary world is the context, home base, and background of the hero”

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5
Q

Heros Journey 2

A

The call to adventure “establishes stakes of game and makes clear the hero’s goal”

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6
Q

Heros Journey 3

A

Refusal of the call “the hero is not yet fully committed to the journey, some other influence required to get past turning point of fear”

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7
Q

Heros Journey 4

A

Meeting with the mentor “introduce mentor to prepare hero to face the unknown”

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8
Q

Heros Journey 5

A

Crossing the first threshold “hero commits to the adventure, fully enters Special World, no turning back”

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9
Q

Heros Journey 6

A

Tests, Allies, and Enemies “the hero begins to learn rules of Special World”

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10
Q

Heros Journey 7

A

Approach to the inmost cave “the hero comes to edge of a dangerous place where object of quest is hidden”

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11
Q

Heros Journey 8

A

The supreme ordeal “fortunes of hero hit bottom in direct confrontation with greatest fear…brought to brink in battle with hostile force with possible death”

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12
Q

Heros Journey 9

A

Reward - seizing the prize “the hero celebrates surviving death and taking possession of reward [sought]: treasure, knowledge experience”

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13
Q

Heros Journey 10

A

The road back “the hero deals with consequences of confronting dark forces of Supreme Ordeal”

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14
Q

Heros Journey 11

A

Threshold crossing - resurrection “ the hero is transformed by moments of death and rebirth and is able to return to ordinary life reborn as a new being with new insights”

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15
Q

Heros Journey 12

A

Return with elixir - freedom to live “the elixir may be treasure, love, freedom, wisdom, or knowledge that the Special World exists and can be survived…unless something is brought back from the Inmost Cave, the hero is doomed to repeat the adventure”

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16
Q

Important primary epics

A

Iliad, Odyssey, Gilgamesh, Exodus, Beowulf

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17
Q

What do primary epics have in common

A

Each begin as a part of a culture’s oral tradition.
Oral Tradition socio-/cultural values transferred generation-to-generation by traveling poets/bards who sang songs about cultural heroes and values.
Poetry because rhyme/meter is easier to memorize and more stable as passed-on

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18
Q

What is epic poetry

A

Long narrative poem.
Written in an elevated/formal style.
Celebrates the deed of a legendary hero or god

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19
Q

Alliteration

A

Repetition of similar sounds especially initial consonant or stressed syllable

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20
Q

Metaphor

A

Comparison between two similar things

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21
Q

Simile

A

Comparison using like or as

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22
Q

Epithet

A

Brief phrase characterizes a person, place, or thing

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23
Q

Kenning

A

Two-word metaphorical name for something

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24
Q

Internal Conflict

A

Struggle that takes place within the mind of a character who is turn between opposing feelings and desires

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25
External Conflict
when a character struggles against some outside force - person, nature, society, or fate
26
Invocation of a muse
Request the power of a muse for inspiration (Calliope is the muse of epic poetry)
27
Who is the muse of epic poetry
Calliope
28
In media res
"in the middle of things" or "in the middle of the action"
29
Hubris
excessive pride
30
Epithet
a literary device that describes a person, place, or object by accompanying or replacing it with a descriptive word or phrase. The word “epithet” comes from the Greek word “epitheton” (neuter of “epithetos”) which translates to “added” or “attributed.”
31
Epic simile
also called Homeric simile, an extended simile often running to several lines, used typically in epic poetry to intensify the heroic stature of the subject and to serve as decoration.
32
Kleos
"renown," "glory," "loud," "what others hear about you"
33
Xenia
hospitality, guest friendship
34
Metis
wisdom, cunning
35
areate
excellence - live up to your full potential
36
Odyssey World of Common Day
Lord/King Odysseus lives on Ithaca with his wife Penelope. She has just given birth to their son, Telemachus.
37
Odyssey Call to adventure
Odysseus is called to depart Ithaca (leave home) and fight in the Trojan War.
38
Odyssey Refusal of the call
Odysseus refuses to leave his wife & newborn son. He pretends to be crazy to avoid leaving, but is found out and has no choice but to leave.
39
Odyssey meeting with the mentor
Athena gives Odysseus aid in the Trojan War & on his journey home. She saves him from death & gives him gifts & information.
40
Odyssey Crossing the first threshold
Odysseus leaves Troy and begins his journey home to Ithaca. A storm throws him and his men off course (fueled by the gods).
41
Odyssey tests, allies, and enemies
Mutinous men at Cicones, Lotus Eaters, Polyphemus the cyclops, Lastrygonians, Circe the enchantress, perils of the underworld, Sirens, Scylla and Charybdis, Cattle of the Sun God, Calypso's possessiveness, Poseidon's rage, Odysseus' men (both helpful and unhelpful)
42
Odyssey Approach to the inmost cave
Circe prepares Odysseus for his journey to the Underworld, Land of the Dead
43
Odyssey the supreme ordeal
Odysseus must travel to the Underworld where he must meet with the blind prophet Tiresias to find out how he can get home. This is the greatest challenge because mortals do not enter the underworld and return. succeeding here symbolizes mastery over life and death
44
Odyssey seizing the prize
Odysseus successfully completes his journey. King Alcinous gives him passage (a Phaecian ship) to return home.
45
Odyssey the road back
Odysseus returns home and finds the suitors trying to take over his home, marry his wife, and murder his son. He is not truly "home" yet because of this.
46
Odyssey threshold crossing
At the climax of Odysseus's journey, he must defeat the suitors to gain back his home. His disguise as a beggar teaches him forbearance, suffering humiliation at the hands of the suitors, but it also gives him a unique position to judge the loyalty of those at home. Penelope offers the contest of the bow. Wielding his bow, Odysseus is reborn from the beggar to the Once and Future King, reclaiming his own
47
Odyssey return with elixir
Odysseus purifies his home, reestablishes his love with Penelope, and pacifies the families of the suitors who were killed. Everything is back to normal, although Penelope issues one last test to ensure his identity. He has a new worldview after his adventure (refer to "Ithaca" poem)
48
Gligamesh world of common day
The common world is from the beginning of the second paragraph from the prologue to the end of the second paragraph from chap. 1
49
Gilgamesh Call to adventure
The call to adventure is when Gilgamesh wants to fight and defeat Humbaba, starting from chapter 2.
50
Gilgamesh Refusal of the call
If we want to focus on Gilgamesh, the refusal of the call could be when Gilgamesh falters about his will to kill Humbaba because of sympathy. However, if we were considering Enkidu, the refusal would be when he was against fighting Humbaba.
51
Gilgamesh meeting with the mentor
There's most likely another more suitable moment, but for the chronological way, I think the Meeting with the Mentor moment happened on page 10, second to last paragraph where Gilgamesh cries out to Shamash for help.
52
Gilgamesh crossing the first threshold
The first threshold is when Gilgamesh and Enkidu behead Humbaba.
53
Gilgamesh test allies and enemies
Tests--Humbaba, Bull of Heaven Allies--Enkidu, Ninsun, Siduri, Utnapishtim, Urshanabi Enemies--Bull of Heaven, Ishtar, Humbaba
54
Gilgamesh Approach to the inmost cave
The ominous dreams foreshadowing Enkidu's death/ Enkidu's death
55
Gilgamesh the supreme ordeal
Gilgamesh hears Utnapishtim's story and tries to do the trial that could've given him immortality (although it might've bee a bluff). In the end though, he fails the sleep trial.
56
Gilgamesh seizing the prize
Gilgamesh "Seizes the Prize" at chapter 6, because the text states "Come here, and see this marvelous plan. By its virtue a man may win back all his former strength…" (Gilgamesh, 22). Along with that, it also supposedly returned one's youth.
57
Gilgamesh The road back
At the end of the first page in chap. 6, a serpent steals Gilgamesh's plant of youth and he cries to Urshanabi, as his journey was ended with vain.
58
Gilgamesh threshold crossing
Gilgamesh and Urshanabi end up returning to Uruk.
59
Gilgamesh freedom to live
In the end, he returned back to his kingdom and I believe that Gilgamesh is able to come to terms with the fact that he is not immortal based off the final results of his search.
60
Ramayana World of common day
Vishnu is reincarnated as Dasartha's son Rama | -Detailed description of his kingdom
61
Ramayana Call to adventure
Viswamithra requests Rama to accompany him on his yagna(a sacrifice)
62
Ramayana Refusal of the call
Dasartha thinks Rama is too young and offers to go in his place
63
Ramayana Meeting with the mentor
Viswamithra teaches Rama how to use mantras and weapons
64
Ramayana crossing the first threshold
Killing Thataka
65
Ramayana test, allies, and enemies
Allies: Vali, Sugreva, Hanuman, Sita Enemies: Soorpanaka, Ravana Tests: Bow test, Sita is captured
66
Ramayana Approach the inmost cave
Assembles the monkey army and goes to Lanka
67
Ramayana supreme ordeal
Battle with Ravana
68
Ramayana Seizing the prize
Gets Sita back
69
Ramayana the road back
Sita's Purity test by fire fulfills his exile
70
Ramayana threshold crossing
Rama is crowned rightful king
71
Ramayana freedom to live
Rama fulfills Dharma

Honors English 9 (1 decks)

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