Semester 1 Final Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
Devishirme system
A
The sultans army drafted boys from the peoples of conquered Christian territories
2
Q
Ghazis
A
Warriors from Islam
3
Q
Jannissaries
A
An elite force of 30,000 soldiers
4
Q
Suleyman the lawgiver
A
Bind them Ottoman Empire together in a workable structure. Created a law code to handle criminal and civil actions
Simplified system of taxation and reduced government bureaucracy
5
Q
What led to the decline of the Muslim empires?
A
A long line of weak leaders who eventually brough ruin to the empire
6
Q
Republic
A
A form of government in which power rests with citizens who have the right to elect leaders who make governmental decisions
7
Q
Aristocracy
A
A government ruled by a small group of noble, land owning families
8
Q
Oligarchy
A
A government ruled by a few powerful people
9
Q
Monarchy
A
A single person called king or monarch ruled by the government
10
Q
Democracy
A
Government ruled by the people
11
Q
Ten Commandments
A
Written code of laws written by god
12
Q
How did Pericles use democracy in Athens
A
Increased the number of paid public officials and by paid jurors. This enabled poorer citizens to participate in government
13
Q
What were the Roman contributions to modern democracy
A
Republic
Written code that was equally applied to all citizens
14
Q
Manga carta
A
A formal summary of the rights and summaries written by the people. Signed by king John
15
Q
Natural rights
A
Life
Liberty
Property
16
Q
Constitutional monarchy
A
The powers of the ruler are restricted by the constitution and laws of the country
17
Q
English bill of rights
A
Formal summary of the rights and liberties of people
18
Q
Glorious revolution
A
Parliament established its right to limit the English monarchs power
19
Q
Divine right
A
The god given right to be kind
20
Q
Universal gravitation
A
Newton’s theory that the same force ruled motion of the planets and all matter on each and in space
21
Q
John Locke
A
Natural rights
22
Q
Francis bacon
A
New ways of experimenting and questioning
23
Q
Isaac Newton
A
Theory of motion
24
Q
Montesquieu
A
Separation of powers
25
Nicolas Copernicus
Heliocentric theory
26
What American document do we see natural rights like life and liberty
Declaration of Independence
27
Beliefs of philosophes
```
Truth can be found with reason
Nature
Happiness
Progress
Liberty
```
28
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
29
Which philosophes influenced th Declaration of Independence
Montesquieu
Voltaire
Beccaria
Rousseau
30
How did the colonists react to the stamp act
“No taxation without representation”
31
How did the US constitution protect against tyrannical government
Separation of powers
32
How did the printing press change the world
Allowed people to educate themselves and develop independent ideas. People were able to interpret the Bible for themselves
33
Third estate population
97%
34
Bastille day
A mob searching for gunpowder and arms stormed the famous French bastille. the fall of the bastille became a great symbolic act of revolution the the French people
35
Reign of terror
Under Robespierres leadership, he wanted to protect the revolution from its “enemies”. Had 1000s of people guillotined
36
Plebiscite
Napoleon held a vote of the people to approve a new constitution
37
Declaration of the rights of man
Based off Declaration of Independence, the document guaranteed citizens justice, freedom of speech and religion
38
What was the tax system like in France before the French Revolution
The third estate paid majority of taxes
39
What issue arose when the estates general met
It was only 1 vote per estate, so first and second estate would always overrule
40
Slogan of the French Revolution
Liberty, equality, fraternity
41
Why did the National Assembly lose support of the peasants
They took land away from the Catholic Church
42
What group implemented the reign of terror with Robespierre
Committee of public safety
43
Why would people be sent to the guillotine
If they supported the king or seemed that they would rebel
44
Why was Robespierre killer
Members of the National Convention feared for their lives and turns against him
45
How did Great Britain react to napoleons continental system
They responded with their own blockade
46
How did admiral Nelson defeat Napoleon at Trafalgar? What were the consequences for Napoleon
He split the larger French fleet and captured many ships Napoleon had to give up his plans of invading Britain
47
How did Russia defeat Napoleon
With their cold weather
48
Nationalism
The belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture
49
Realism
Showed life as it was, not as it should be
50
Creoles
Spaniards born in Latin American below the penninsulares
51
Impressionism
This movement used bright colors and vivid brushstrokes to show life as it should be
52
Romanticism
This movement reflected deep interest both in nature and the thoughts and feelings of the individual
53
Beethoven
Romanticism composer
54
Miguel Hidalgo
A creole priest who took the first step toward independence
55
Mary Shelley
Author of Frankenstein
56
Camilo dj Cavour
Sardinia king, United Italy
57
Toussaint L. Ouverture
Leader of Haita revolution against France
58
What social group led most revolutions in Latin America
Creoles
59
How was the Brazilian revolution different
It was independent
60
Similarities between Italian and German unification
Developed out of smaller nations
61
What inspired the realism art movement? What type of events did people try to depict?
Artists were trying to depict life as it actually was the the industrial revolution
62
Industrial revolution
The greatly increased output it Machine made goods that began in England in the 1700s
63
Socialism
The factors of production are owned by the public and are for the welfare of all
64
Union
To press reform, workers joined together in voluntary labor associations
65
Enclosure
Large fields
66
Laissez faire
The economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interface
67
Adam Smith
Defended the idea of free economy. Wrote the wealth of nations
68
Karl Marx
Introduced the world to a radical type of socialism called Marxism
69
What causes urbanization
As transportation of railways increase, factories in big cities increased. Drawing People in for jobs
70
How did Britain keep their industrial secrets
Didn’t let people leave with information
71
What was the impact of the invention of the steam Engine
Faster and cheaper production
72
What were the reform movements of the industrial revolution
Abolition of slavery
| Fight for women’s rights
73
How did trade help Britain industrialize
Able to get Materials
74
What was the first country to industrialize
Britain
75
What was the first industry to industrialize
Textile industry
76
How did the was of 1812 help pave the way for US to industrialize
Britain blockaded the US, stopping trade and forcing industrialization
77
What led to the shorter life span of people living in cities
Factory conditions
| Pollution
78
How is communism related to socialism
Marx described communism as a form of complete socialism
79
Paternalism
A policy where Europe governed people in a parental way by you using for their needs but not giving them rights
80
Raj
Refers to British rule after India came under the British crown during the reign of Queen Victoria
81
Berlin conference
14 European nations met to lay down rule for the division of Africa
82
What lead to the decline of the muslim empires?
suleyman set the pattern for later sultans to gain and hold power. It became customary for each new sultan to have his brother strangled and keep their sons in exile. This produced a long line of weak sultans who eventually brought ruin to the empire
83
Republic
citizens elect leaders who make governmental decisions
84
aristocracy
a government ruled by a small group of nobles and land owning families
85
oligarchy
a government ruled by a few powerful people
86
monarchy
a single person called king or monarch ruling the government
87
democracy
government run by the people
88
Ten commandments
a written code of laws from god
89
how did perciles use democracy in athens
increased the number of paid public officials and paid jurors. This enabled poorer citizens to participate in government
90
what were the romans contribution to modern democracy?
Romans gave the world the idea of a republic
| Had a written law code that was equally applied to all citizens
91
Magna carta
A formal summary of the rights and liberties of the people, signed by king john
92
natural rights
life, liberty, and property
93
Constitutional monarchy
the powers of the ruler are restricted by the constitution and laws of the county
94
glorious revolution
parliment established its right to limit the english monarchs power
95
divine rights
the god given right to be king
96
universal gravitation
newtons theory that the same force ruled motion of the planets and all the matter on earth and in space
97
john locke
natural rights
98
francis bacon
came up with new ways of questioning and experimenting
99
issac newton
developed theory of motion
100
montesquieu
separation of powers
101
nicolas copernicus
helio centric theory
102
What american document do we see natural rights like life and liberty
declaration of independence
103
beliefs of the philosophers
- truth can be found with reason
- nature
- happiness
- progress
- liberty
104
Who wrote the declaration of independence
thomas jefferson
105
which philosophers influenced the declaration of independence
montisquieau, voltaire, beccaria, rousseau
106
how did the colonists react to the stamp act
"no taxation without representation"
107
how did the US constitution protects against a tyrannical government
separation of powers
108
Third estate population
97%
109
bastille day
on july 14, a mob searching for gunpowder and arms stormed the bastille. The fall of the bastille turned become a great symbolic act of revolution to the french people
110
reign of terror
under robespierres leadership
111
Positive effect of industrial revolution
Created jobs for workers
Contributed to wealth of the nation
Technological progress and invention
Raised standard of living
112
Negative effects of industrial revolution
Poor living conditions
| Class tension
113
The great trek
Path that boers took when they wanted to keep slaves on “their” land in Africa fleeing from Britain
114
Sepoy
Indian soldiers
115
Menelik II
Leader of Ethiopia
116
King Monkut
Lead Ethiopia to be the only African nation that successfully resisted the Europeans
117
Results of the sepoy mutiny
Sepoys revolted
118
What were the causes of the sepoy mutiny
Indian soldiers feared the British were violating their religious customs
119
What was the goal of direct control
Assimilation
120
Thomas Hobbes
Believed people were naturally selfish and cruel
121
Why is India the “jewel in the crown”
India was the most valuable of British colonies
122
Why did the western nations want land in the pacific rim
The strategic location along the sea route to China
123
Why did the US business leader want to annex Hawaii
They had sugar and wanted control of the market
124
Powder keg
With a long history of nationalist uprisings and ethnic clashes, the balkans was known as the powder keg
125
Schlieffen plan
a battle strategy developed by Germany. The plan called for attacking and defeating France in the west and then rushing east to fight Russia
126
Trench warfare
Soldiers fought each other from trenches
127
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Kaiser of Germany
