semester 1 final exam

Question 1

Part of the nervous system that prepares the body to deal with an emergency

Answer 1

sympathetic

Question 2

When oxygen levels are low or absent, the cells revert to a process of

Answer 2

anaerobic metabolism

Question 3

A patient is found to have high blood sugar level (hyperglycemia). What is a cause of this?

Answer 3

deficient insulin levels in the blood

Question 4

Brain and spinal cord are connected through a large opening at the base of the skull called

Answer 4

foramen magnum

Question 5

CSF fluid is manufactured in

Answer 5

The ventricles of the brain

Question 6

How do blood vessels of the skin respond to cold temperatures?

Answer 6

constriction, blood diverted away from the skin

Question 7

The midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata form the

Answer 7

brainstem

Question 8

Upper section of the sternum is called

Answer 8

manubrium

Question 9

The movement of a substance against a concentration or gradient that requires energy is call

Answer 9

active transport

Question 10

Anaphylactic shock is characterized by

Answer 10

wheezing and widespread vasodilation

Question 11

A patient who overdosed on heroin, with slow, shallow respirations would most likely experience

Answer 11

increased CO2 retention

Question 12

Respiratory center of the brain

Answer 12

Medulla

Question 13

Stimulation of alpha-1 receptors of the sympathetic nervous system results in

Answer 13

peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 14

The hypoxic drive, a backup system to control breathing, is stimulated when

Answer 14

arterial 02 levels decrease

Question 15

Structure/ vessel NOT part of the pulmonary circulation

Answer 15

descending aorta

Question 16

The tricuspid and mitral valves of the heart function by

Answer 16

preventing backflow of blood into the atria.

Question 17

In order to relieve the bronchospasm associated with an acute asthma attack, the paramedic would give an

Answer 17

beta 2 agonist

Question 18

When a medication alters the velocity of the conduction of electricity through the heart, it is said to have a ____ effect

Answer 18

dromotropic

Question 19

A patient experiences clinical effects from a medication that are opposite from the intended effects

Answer 19

paradoxical reaction

Question 20

A medication that initiates or alters a cellular activity by attaching to receptor sites and prompting a cell response is said to be

Answer 20

an agonist

Question 21

As a medication undergoes biotransformation it becomes an

Answer 21

metabolite

Question 22

In order to cause a negative inotropic effect on the heart, you would administer

Answer 22

beta 1 adrenergic antagonist

Question 23

In general alpha- adrenergic receptor antagonists

Answer 23

lower blood pressure

Question 24

Ability of a medication to initiate or alter cell activity in a therapeutic or desired manner is referred to as

Answer 24

efficacy

Question 25

a type of anticholinergic bronchodilator medication

Answer 25

Ipratropium

Question 26

Patient: "Can't catch my breath" Medic: "that's very helpful. Let me think about that for a moment"

Answer 26

reflection

Question 27

Appox. 97% of the oxygen that diffuse out of the alveoli

Answer 27

is dissolved in plasma

Question 28

Pre-load is defined as:

Answer 28

the amount of blood delivered to the heart during diastole

Question 29

reversal agents:

Answer 29

flumazenil naloxone atropine calcium chloride

Question 30

a return to an earlier age level of behavior or emotional adjustment during a crisis situation is called:

Answer 30

regression

Question 31

A patient receives several doses of the same drug within a short period of time, after which point the medication does not relieve symptoms

Answer 31

tachyphylaxis

Question 32

smell nerve

Answer 32

olfactory

Question 33

Cognitive Function

Answer 33

ability to use reasoning

Question 34

Half of the body's magnesium is stored in the

Answer 34

bones

Question 35

All of the following are facial bones except:

Answer 35

parietal

Question 36

During an acidotic state, the kidneys attempt to maintain a normal pH by

Answer 36

retaining bicarbonate

Question 37

cardiac output is equal to

Answer 37

stroke volume multiplied by heart rate

Question 38

not a component of blood

Answer 38

plasma

Question 39

Fracture of the orbital bone is referred to as

Answer 39

blowout fracture

Question 40

Cells that mature in the bone marrow where they differentiate into memory cells or immunoglobulin- secreting (antibody) cells are

Answer 40

B lymphocytes