Semester 1 Review

Question 1

Over-soul

Answer 1

Emeron’s idea that humanity and nature share a universal soul, and everything is driven by this creative force

Question 2

Brooke Farm

Answer 2

The attempt at a utopian society with transcendentalist influences

Question 3

Henry VIII

Answer 3

Married Katherine of Aragon Wanted a son, so he tried to divorce Katherine Pope Clement VII wouldn’t connect to the divorce Henry severed ties with the church and married Anne Boleyn

Question 4

Catholicism & Bloody Mary

Answer 4

Mary was the daughter of Katherine and Henry Wanted to return England back to Catholicism She persecuted protestants and killed a lot of people

Question 5

John Calvin

Answer 5

Created Calvinism In 17th century America, Calvinist were called Puritans

Question 6

Predestination

Answer 6

One’s fate is already decided for them by God

Question 7

Elect

Answer 7

Those who were saved by God

Question 8

Grace

Answer 8

The quality needed to go to heaven

Question 9

Covenant

Answer 9

A promise between man and God

Question 10

Puritans

Answer 10

Calvinists Migrated to the new world Believed they were the new Israelites

Question 11

Reasons to go to America

Answer 11

Poverty, over-crowding, debt & jail terms, religious “freedom”

Question 12

Where did the Puritans land?

Answer 12

Plymouth

Question 13

Three forces that influenced colonial Puritanism

Answer 13

The Social System of England Calvinism The New England Environment

Question 14

The social system of England

Answer 14

Medieval feudalism Society was stratified: Upper class, Middle class, Lower class

Question 15

The New England environment

Answer 15

Church and State were closely related: King headed the church, state gave concessions to the church, the church supported the monarchy Puritans were middle class and were used to looking down on lower class people

Question 16

Enlightenment

Answer 16

Rise of Science: Late 17th - 18th century Also called the Age of Reason World was comprehensible and benevolent People paid less attention to nature Newton: Structured universe Locke: Argued for the use of human reason

Question 17

Deism

Answer 17

Deduced God’s existence from the universe, not the Bible Values progress from religion to science History moves not towards God’s millennium, but human progress

Question 18

View of humans during the Enlightenment

Answer 18

Naturally good, no original sin

Question 19

Harmonious Universe

Answer 19

Everything operates under rules Benevolent, clockmaker God

Question 20

Tabula Rasa

Answer 20

A person’s mind is a blank slate at birth Locke

Question 21

Ben Franklin

Answer 21

Signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 Represent the spirit of the Enlightenment Religion: preferred to watch human behavior than go to church

Question 22

Values of the Enlightenment

Answer 22

Be a good person, not for God like in puritan time, but for society

Question 23

The Great Awakening

Answer 23

Responce to the modern “scientific” world Thought Puritans were better

Question 24

Jonathan Edwards

Answer 24

Foremost thinker of the Great Awakening Said we should know the world be the 5 senses True belief is something we feel, not comprehend Followed Cotton Mather

Question 25

Cotton Mather

Answer 25

Started the Salem Witch Trials

Question 26

Outcome of the Great Awakening

Answer 26

Education: Revivalists established Princeton & Dartmouth colleges Nationalism: Awareness of union of fellow believers Shared optimism about the future of America Prepared the way for development of revolutionary mentality

Question 27

Quotes from Poor Richard's Almanac

Answer 27

1- Fish and visitors stink in three days 2- Hunger never saw bad bread 3- Little rogues easily become great ones 4- Who has deceived thee as often as thyself? 5- Wish not so much to live long as to live well

Question 28

What is an American?

Answer 28

De Crevecoeur

Question 29

A Model of Christian Charity

Answer 29

John Winthrop

Question 30

Of Plymouth Plantation

Answer 30

William Bradford

Question 31

The Prologue, Verses Upon the Burning of Our House, To My Dear and Loving Husband

Answer 31

Anne Bradstreet

Question 32

On the Religion of Nature

Answer 32

Philip Freneau

Question 33

The Way to Wealth, Poor Richard's Almanac

Answer 33

Ben Franklin

Question 34

Age of Reason

Answer 34

Thomas Paine

Question 35

Sinners

Answer 35

Jonathan Edwards

Question 36

Thanatopsis, To A Waterfowl

Answer 36

Bryant

Question 37

Utopia

Answer 37

Thomas Moore

Question 38

Tempest

Answer 38

Shakespeare

Question 39

Nature, Self-Reliance

Answer 39

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Question 40

Walden (Chapter 1: Economy), Civil Disobedience

Answer 40

Henry David Thoreau

Question 41

Ethan Brand, Young Goodman Brown, Rappacci's Daughter, Scarlet Letter

Answer 41

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Question 42

Rip Van Winkle, Legend of Sleepy Hollow

Answer 42

Washington Irving

Question 43

Moby Dick

Answer 43

Herman Melville

Question 44

The Fall of the House of Usher, The Raven, Annabel Lee, Sonnet- To Science

Answer 44

Edgar Allan Poe

Question 45

Song of Myself, I Sing the Body Electric

Answer 45

Walt Whitman

Question 46

Romanticism

Answer 46

The philosophy focusing on intuitions, imagination, nature, and the individual

Question 47

Transcendentalism

Answer 47

A school of Romanticism Philosophy based on the doctrine that the principles of reality are to be discovered by the study of the process of thought A philosophy emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical

Question 48

Fundamental Beliefs of Transcendentalism

Answer 48

1. Nature if fundamentally good 2. "Organic" art- artists should invent new forms, not rely on tradition a. Everything is alive, related, and meaningful b. All reality is organically, naturally connected, and alive 3. Individualism- the individual is beholden to no institute outside the self 4. Intuition- basic truths come by way of intuition rather than the senses or reason 5. Nature- everything in nature is significant & symbolic of spirit 6. Principal- structure of the Universe duplicated the structure of the individual self, and that all knowledge begins with self-knowledge 7. Over-soul

Question 49

Historical Context

Answer 49

Industrial Revolution- lessened the focus on individual making them parts of machines Transcendentalism encouraged people to break away from the crowd of society and develop their own identities Civil War ended Transcendentalism

Question 50

Time Line

Answer 50

Puritans-Enlightenment-Great Awakening-Romanticism & Transcendentalism-Civil War

Question 51

Gothic

Answer 51

A style of literature characterized by gloomy setting, grotesque, mysterious, or violent events, and an atmosphere of degeneration or decay

Question 52

Gothic Characteristics

Answer 52

Vertical- represents the mind, the dungeon being the subconscious New Life- think a birth or marriage Typical Characters- dangerous man, safe man, wise old man, questing woman, etc. Influences- post-roman, leaning towards medieval & Germanic fairytales and castles- spooky, irregular architecture

Question 53

Martin Luther

Answer 53

Started Lutheranism During Queen Mary's reign he nailed there 95 theses to doors

Question 54

The sun never sets on the...

Answer 54

English Empire

Question 55

Date the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth

Answer 55

1620

Question 56

Date the declaration of independence was signed

Answer 56

1776

Question 57

Date the Civil War started

Answer 57

1865

Question 58

Concord

Answer 58

The Massachusetts town in which the small, primary group of Transcendentalists lived