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Honors English III > Semester 1 Review > Flashcards

Semester 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Over-soul

A

Emeron’s idea that humanity and nature share a universal soul, and everything is driven by this creative force

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2
Q

Brooke Farm

A

The attempt at a utopian society with transcendentalist influences

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3
Q

Henry VIII

A

Married Katherine of Aragon Wanted a son, so he tried to divorce Katherine Pope Clement VII wouldn’t connect to the divorce Henry severed ties with the church and married Anne Boleyn

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4
Q

Catholicism & Bloody Mary

A

Mary was the daughter of Katherine and Henry Wanted to return England back to Catholicism She persecuted protestants and killed a lot of people

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5
Q

John Calvin

A

Created Calvinism In 17th century America, Calvinist were called Puritans

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6
Q

Predestination

A

One’s fate is already decided for them by God

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7
Q

Elect

A

Those who were saved by God

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8
Q

Grace

A

The quality needed to go to heaven

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9
Q

Covenant

A

A promise between man and God

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10
Q

Puritans

A

Calvinists Migrated to the new world Believed they were the new Israelites

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11
Q

Reasons to go to America

A

Poverty, over-crowding, debt & jail terms, religious “freedom”

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12
Q

Where did the Puritans land?

A

Plymouth

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13
Q

Three forces that influenced colonial Puritanism

A

The Social System of England Calvinism The New England Environment

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14
Q

The social system of England

A

Medieval feudalism Society was stratified: Upper class, Middle class, Lower class

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15
Q

The New England environment

A

Church and State were closely related: King headed the church, state gave concessions to the church, the church supported the monarchy Puritans were middle class and were used to looking down on lower class people

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16
Q

Enlightenment

A

Rise of Science: Late 17th - 18th century Also called the Age of Reason World was comprehensible and benevolent People paid less attention to nature Newton: Structured universe Locke: Argued for the use of human reason

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17
Q

Deism

A

Deduced God’s existence from the universe, not the Bible Values progress from religion to science History moves not towards God’s millennium, but human progress

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18
Q

View of humans during the Enlightenment

A

Naturally good, no original sin

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19
Q

Harmonious Universe

A

Everything operates under rules Benevolent, clockmaker God

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20
Q

Tabula Rasa

A

A person’s mind is a blank slate at birth Locke

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21
Q

Ben Franklin

A

Signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 Represent the spirit of the Enlightenment Religion: preferred to watch human behavior than go to church

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22
Q

Values of the Enlightenment

A

Be a good person, not for God like in puritan time, but for society

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23
Q

The Great Awakening

A

Responce to the modern “scientific” world Thought Puritans were better

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24
Q

Jonathan Edwards

A

Foremost thinker of the Great Awakening Said we should know the world be the 5 senses True belief is something we feel, not comprehend Followed Cotton Mather

25
Q

Cotton Mather

A

Started the Salem Witch Trials

26
Q

Outcome of the Great Awakening

A

Education: Revivalists established Princeton & Dartmouth colleges Nationalism: Awareness of union of fellow believers Shared optimism about the future of America Prepared the way for development of revolutionary mentality

27
Q

Quotes from Poor Richard’s Almanac

A

1- Fish and visitors stink in three days 2- Hunger never saw bad bread 3- Little rogues easily become great ones 4- Who has deceived thee as often as thyself? 5- Wish not so much to live long as to live well

28
Q

What is an American?

A

De Crevecoeur

29
Q

A Model of Christian Charity

A

John Winthrop

30
Q

Of Plymouth Plantation

A

William Bradford

31
Q

The Prologue, Verses Upon the Burning of Our House, To My Dear and Loving Husband

A

Anne Bradstreet

32
Q

On the Religion of Nature

A

Philip Freneau

33
Q

The Way to Wealth, Poor Richard’s Almanac

A

Ben Franklin

34
Q

Age of Reason

A

Thomas Paine

35
Q

Sinners

A

Jonathan Edwards

36
Q

Thanatopsis, To A Waterfowl

A

Bryant

37
Q

Utopia

A

Thomas Moore

38
Q

Tempest

A

Shakespeare

39
Q

Nature, Self-Reliance

A

Ralph Waldo Emerson

40
Q

Walden (Chapter 1: Economy), Civil Disobedience

A

Henry David Thoreau

41
Q

Ethan Brand, Young Goodman Brown, Rappacci’s Daughter, Scarlet Letter

A

Nathaniel Hawthorne

42
Q

Rip Van Winkle, Legend of Sleepy Hollow

A

Washington Irving

43
Q

Moby Dick

A

Herman Melville

44
Q

The Fall of the House of Usher, The Raven, Annabel Lee, Sonnet- To Science

A

Edgar Allan Poe

45
Q

Song of Myself, I Sing the Body Electric

A

Walt Whitman

46
Q

Romanticism

A

The philosophy focusing on intuitions, imagination, nature, and the individual

47
Q

Transcendentalism

A

A school of Romanticism Philosophy based on the doctrine that the principles of reality are to be discovered by the study of the process of thought A philosophy emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical

48
Q

Fundamental Beliefs of Transcendentalism

A
  1. Nature if fundamentally good 2. “Organic” art- artists should invent new forms, not rely on tradition a. Everything is alive, related, and meaningful b. All reality is organically, naturally connected, and alive 3. Individualism- the individual is beholden to no institute outside the self 4. Intuition- basic truths come by way of intuition rather than the senses or reason 5. Nature- everything in nature is significant & symbolic of spirit 6. Principal- structure of the Universe duplicated the structure of the individual self, and that all knowledge begins with self-knowledge 7. Over-soul
49
Q

Historical Context

A

Industrial Revolution- lessened the focus on individual making them parts of machines Transcendentalism encouraged people to break away from the crowd of society and develop their own identities Civil War ended Transcendentalism

50
Q

Time Line

A

Puritans-Enlightenment-Great Awakening-Romanticism & Transcendentalism-Civil War

51
Q

Gothic

A

A style of literature characterized by gloomy setting, grotesque, mysterious, or violent events, and an atmosphere of degeneration or decay

52
Q

Gothic Characteristics

A

Vertical- represents the mind, the dungeon being the subconscious New Life- think a birth or marriage Typical Characters- dangerous man, safe man, wise old man, questing woman, etc. Influences- post-roman, leaning towards medieval & Germanic fairytales and castles- spooky, irregular architecture

53
Q

Martin Luther

A

Started Lutheranism During Queen Mary’s reign he nailed there 95 theses to doors

54
Q

The sun never sets on the…

A

English Empire

55
Q

Date the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth

A

1620

56
Q

Date the declaration of independence was signed

A

1776

57
Q

Date the Civil War started

A

1865

58
Q

Concord

A

The Massachusetts town in which the small, primary group of Transcendentalists lived

Honors English III (4 decks)

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