Semester 2

Question 1

Two political parties developed in the U.S. Because of different beliefs in what 5 things?

Answer 1

1. Different philosophies of government
2. Conflicting interpretations of the Constitution
3. Different regional and economic interests
4. Disagreement over foreign affairs
5. The role people should play in government

Question 2

What were the two groups?

Answer 2

1. Federalist a

2. Democratic-Republicans

Question 3

How did each group feel about the power of national government?

Answer 3

1. Federalists favored a strong national government

2. Democratic-Republicans favored strong state governments

Question 4

How did each group feel about tariffs?

Answer 4

1. Federalists supported a protective tariff to encourage people to buy American products—it would protect American industry from foreign competition.
2. Demo-Rep supported Free Trade—a trade system in which the government is not involved.

Question 5

How did each group feel about banks?

Answer 5

1. Federalists wanted national banks.

2. Demo-Rep wanted state banks.

Question 6

How did each group feel about the economy?

Answer 6

1. Federalists wanted emphasis to be placed on manufacturing—Industrial
2. Demo-Rep wanted emphasis on agriculture—agriculture

Question 7

How did each group feel about U.S. trading partners?

Answer 7

1. Federalists wanted an alliance with Britain

2. Demo-Rep wanted an alliance s with the French

Question 8

Who were the leaders of the 2 political parties?

Answer 8

1. Federalists- Alexander Hamilton

2. Demo-Rep- Thomas Jefferson

Question 9

What were the foreign policies of Washington and Adams?

Answer 9

Washington hoped the nation could maintain neutrality—not take sides in foreign conflicts; Adams also hoped for neutrality and wanted to avoid going to war with France.

Question 10

Why did President Washington order the army to put down the Whiskey Rebellion?

Answer 10

Because he believed it threatened the authority of the national government.

Question 11

What did the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions state?

Answer 11

That states could nullify laws of Congress if they deemed them unconstitutional

Question 12

What judicial power was established with the Marbury v. Madison Supreme Court case?

Answer 12

Judicial Review; the Supreme Court has the right to determine if something is unconstitutional

Question 13

Why did Jefferson have to make the purchasing of Louisiana into a treaty?

Answer 13

There was no provision in the Constitution for purchasing land

Question 14

What are the results of Lewis and Clark expedition into Louisiana?

Answer 14

1. Kept a journal of their voyage and made notes on what they saw and did.
2. Collected valuable information on people, plants, animals, and the geography of the West
3. The journey provided inspiration to a nation of people eager to move westward
4. First water communication across the continent for the purpose of commerce
5. Reached the Pacific Ocean and established a claim on the Oregon territory
6. Created maps and mapped the routine to the Pacific
7. Made contact with the various Native American groups in the West
8. Did not find a Northwest Passage to the Pacific

Question 15

What is Jefferson’s foreign policy?

Answer 15

To remain neutral

Question 16

Britain impressed American sailors. What does this mean?

Answer 16

It was the kidnapping of American sailors and forcing them to work in a foreign navy

Question 17

1. When and why did Jefferson pass the Embargo Act?
2. What did it do?
3. Result?

Answer 17

1. 1807, Jefferson wanted to hurt Britain for the impressments of American sailors and the attack on Chesapeake, but avoid war
2. It banned imports from and exports to all foreign countries
3. It was a disaster, did not work and ended up hurting the American economy more than it punishes the British. It was repealed.

Question 18

What were the causes of the War of 1812?

Answer 18

1. Britain attacking US ships and taking our sailors
2. British soldiers in forts in Ohio enticing Natives to attack Americans
3. Britain interfering with our trade
4. The hopes of gaining Canada and Florida

Question 19

During the War of 1812, the British blockaded the American coast

1. Did this help or hurt the industry in the U.S.?
2. How?

Answer 19

1. The blockade actually helped the American industry.
2. It led to the growth of industries because Americans now had to make things they would have originally imported from Britain

Question 20

What were the terms of the Treaty of Ghent?

Answer 20

1. Neither side obtained any advantages as a result of the treaty
2. Nothing was said about the impressments of sailors, but with Napoleon’s defeat, neutral rights had become a dead issue
3. Restoration of prewar territorial conditions
4. Britain would remove their troops from America
5. It ended the War of 1812
6. Ended the quarreling between the US and Britain

Question 21

1. Which political party had threatened to secede with New England if the war was not ended?
2. What happened to this party?

Answer 21

1. Federalists

2. The party lost respect in the eyes of the public and their strength was not weakened

Question 22

In 1819, the US signed the Adam-ap is Treaty with Spain.

What territory was gained?

Answer 22

Florida

Question 23

1. What sections of the country did Calhoun, Clay and Webster represent?
2. Which would have opposed a tariff?

Answer 23

1.Calhoun: South
Clay: West
Webster: North
2. Calhoun

Question 24

Southerners opposed tariffs because they thought it only supported who?

Answer 24

Northern Industries

Question 25

What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?

Answer 25

To keep European countries from colonizing in the Americas

Question 26

Identify the Supreme Court case - The state of New York tried to prevent a business from forming between New York and New Jersey. The ruling of the court case was that only the U.S. government can regulate interstate trade.

Answer 26

Gibbons v. Ogden

Question 27

Which Supreme Court case did not allow the state of Maryland to tax the national bank?

Answer 27

McCulloch v. Maryland

Question 28

The election of 1824 was called the "corrupt bargain" by Jackson because what two men had made a deal?

Answer 28

Henry Clay (Speaker of the House) and John Quincy Adams

Question 29

How did Andrew Jackson feel about the Bank of the U.S.?

Answer 29

Distrusted and closed it

Question 30

How did Andrew Jackson feel about government jobs?

Answer 30

Fired most federal employees and replaced it with his closest supporters?

Question 31

How did Andrew Jackson feel about states' rights?

Answer 31

Believed states should have more power over federal government

Question 32

How did Andrew Jackson feel about the election of 1824?

Answer 32

Lost due to corrupt bargain. Unhappy.

Question 33

Andrew Jackson was called the "common man's" president because?

Answer 33

He could identify with the everyday American

Question 34

From what section of the country did new voters come from in the 1828 election?

Answer 34

North, South of West

Question 35

1. As the 1800s progressed, the voting process became more democratic. What does this mean? 2. In what 3 ways did it become more democratic?

Answer 35

1. More citizens were able to participate in government 2. a. Suffrage extended b. Presidential electors (people to vote rather than state legislature) c. Loosened the property requirements for voting

Question 36

How were Native Americans treated by Americans from the colonial period through Jacksons presidency?

Answer 36

Terribly (removed from land, disease, broken treaties, etc.)

Question 37

Why did Americans feel they had the right to take over native lands?

Answer 37

To move west to more suitable land

Question 38

1. What was the topic of the Worcester v. Georgia Supreme Court case? 2. What was the ruling of the case? 3. Did Andrew Jackson support the ruling?

Answer 38

1. Cherokees sued the state of Georgia and took the case all the way to the Supreme Court 2. Marshall ruled Georgia had no right to interfere with Cherokee 3. No, "Marshall made his decision now let him enforce it!"

Question 39

What law did Andrew Jackson pass that affected Natives east of the Mississippi River?

Answer 39

Indian Removal Act. The journey was called "Trail of Tears."

Question 40

1. What connected cities or waterways that weren't already connected? 2. What did this do to the cost of shipping goods? 3. How did this affect westward movement

Answer 40

1. Canals 2. Lowered the cost 3. Brought prosperity to towns along the route, United the country and Americans moved in waves to the west

Question 41

How did new transportation affect the growth of the U.S.?

Answer 41

Canals, road and turnpikes were an advantage to faster routes to the west

Question 42

What was Manifest Destiny?

Answer 42

The belief that the U.S. should spread from the Atlantic to the Pacific