Semester 2 Exam 1

Question 1

crystalloids vs colloids

Answer 1

crystalloids: clear IV fluids “crystal clear”
-isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic

colloids: thick, viscous
-albumin, blood products

Question 2

Isotonic

Answer 2

0.9% NS
Lactated ringers
for vol replacement

Question 3

Hypotonic

Answer 3

0.45% NS
push ECF INTO CELL
for hydration

Question 4

Hypertonic

Answer 4

3% Saline
pulls water OUT OF CELL, into ECF
for severe hyponatremia or cerebral edema

Question 5

Na+

Answer 5

135 - 145 mEq/L
“neuro sx”
lethargy / weakness
confusion, dizzy
Sz

hypernatremia= thirst, dry membranes

Question 6

K+

Answer 6

3.5 - 5 mEq/L
“K= Kardiac”
cause cardiac arrythmia if out of range

hypokalemia= give K+ PO/IV
hyperkalemia= dialysis or meds (kayexalate) to ↓ K+

*Never crush K+ PO4
*Never IV push K+

Question 7

Ca+

Answer 7

8.8 - 10.4 mg/dL
hypocalcemia= Trousseu + Chvostek signs = Tetany → Sz, cardiac arrythmia

hypercalcemia= ↓ tendon reflex, fractures, cardiac arrythmia

Question 8

Phosphorous

Answer 8

2.7 - 4.5 mg/dL
Phosphorous and Ca+ have inverse relationship

ex: hypercalcemia share same sx of hypophosphate
hypocalcemia share same sx of hyperphosphate

Question 9

Mg

Answer 9

1.8 - 2.6 mg/dL
hypermagnesemia= depressed tendon reflex

hypomagnesemia= muscle spasm, Torsades de pointe! (srs cardiac arrythmia)