SEMESTER 2 EXAM REVISION: Flashcards
(35 cards)
WHAT IS THE NERVOUS SYSTEM?
the nervous system is a network of cells that enables the ability for the brain to receive information to coordinate a response.
(receives info in and out of body)
WHAT ARE THE 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE NS?
- receives information
- process information
- coordinates a response (to informaion)
EXAMPLE OF RECEIVE, PROCESS AND RESPOND?
Process: Brain – ‘It is really hot outside today, I regret wearing a jumper on my walk to the train station! I am going to take my jumper off.”
Respond: Person takes jumper off – is no longer hot!
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM?
- process information received through sensory systems and other parts of the body to activate actions
-located in middle of the body - consist of brain and spinal cord
WHAT IS THE BRAIN?
network of cells that processes information receieved from nerves
WHAT IS THE SPINAL CORD?
- long, thin bundle of nerve tissue that extends from brain to lower back
2 MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF THE SPINAL CORD?
- receives motor information to the brain and sends it to parts of the body to control glands, muscles etc.
- receives sensory information and sends to the brain for processing
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM?
entire network of nerves located outside the CNS that transmits information to and from CNS
TWO DIVISIONS OF PERIPHERAL NS?
SOMATIC NS: VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT
AUTONOMIC NS: INVOLUNRARY MOVEMENT
SOMATIC NS (peripheral ns)
carries sensory information to the CNS and motor information from the CNS
sensory information is recieved at sensory receptor sites in the body and carried along sensory neural pathways.
AUTONOMIC NS (peripheral ns)
- network of nerves that carries messages between the CNS, heart, lungs. glands etc
- ANS regulates, or controls
- has 3 divisions = parasympathetic, sympathetic and enteric
SYMPATHETIC NS
Arouses the body when experiencing extreme emotions, for e.g.
flight or fight response, increase HR, dilated eyes, sweating and hotness
PARASYSTEMATIC NS
Calms or restores the body to its normal state of functioning.
Returns body to homeostasis.
relaxing state, normal HR, eyes constrict, cooler
(returns body back to homeostasis).
ENTERIC NS?
- branch of autonomic ns
- the ENS controls the activity of the gastrointestinal tract or gut
- located stomach
VAGUS NERVE?
one of your body’s longest nerves extending from brain to gut.
THE GUT-BRAIN AXIS?
The gut is often referred to as a 2nd brain.
THE MICROBIOME?
a group of living organisms found as part of your microbiota good bacteria that we want from your body
LOCK AND KEY PROCESS?
- a neurotransmitters shape must precisely match the distinct shape of the receptor site on the post synaptic neuron’s dendrites in order to bind to its receptors.
- the binding unlocks the post synaptic neuron’s response so that the neurotransmitters causes changes to the neuron
- resulting to excitatory or inhibitory effect
EXCITATORY EFFECT?
- neurotransmitters with excitatory effects will activate postsynaptic neurons to perform its actions
INHIBITORY EFFECT?
- neurotransmitters with inhibitory effects will block/prevent post-synaptic neurons from firing (performing its actions).
GLUTAMATE?
- enhances information transmission by making postsynaptic neuron more likely to fire
- primary excitatory neurotransmitters in the CNS
- involves in learning, memory and movement
GAMA-AMINO BUTYRIC ACID (GABA)?
- primary inhibitory neurotransmitters in the CNS
- works throughout the brain to make the post-synaptic neurons less likely to fire
WHAT IS NEUROMODULATOR?
neuromodulator is a chemical messenger that affects a diverse population of neurons
WHAT DO NEUROMODULATORS DO?
- influence effects on other chemical messengers
- affect a large number of neurons at the same time
