Semester 2 Final Flashcards
(56 cards)
Plains Indians Wars
(1850s-1870s) A series of conflicts between the Native Americans and the United States over the Great Plains region, where many tribes lived
Sand Creek (Massacre)
Colonel Chivington and his militia attacked a defenseless Indian village under Black Kettle, killing 133. Black Kettle goes to war with the Whites, but is caught and slaughtered
Little Bighorn
The Sioux were angered by White invasion of their reservation in search of Gold. They left, but were attacked. Led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, the Indians fought back, slaughtering the Whites and winning the battle. Decisive victory for the Native Americans
Wounded Knee (Massacre)
The Sioux left the reservation to visit a religious site, but were tracked down and captured by the U.S. army. They opened fire and massacred 300 Indians. This marked the end of the Indian resistance
Dawes-Severalty Act
(1887) Promoted individual ownership of property in an effort to remove tribal ownership of land. Indian children were removed to be educated into White schools. It failed, but regardless caused harm through forced assimilation.
Indian Reorganization Act
(1934) Essentially reversed the Dawes Act by reestablishing Indian control over their tribal lands. Tribes were encouraged to create their own governments and re-establish their culture and traditions
John Rockefeller
Oil. Founded the Standard Oil Company and became the world’s first billionaire
J.P. Morgan
Finance. Co-Founded JP Morgan & Co. He reorganized businesses and stabilized the economy
Andrew Carnegie
Steel. Adopted the Bessemer Process, which led to the creation of Carnegie Steel and built a formidable steel industry
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Railroads. Self-made billionaire who built a vast railroad network across the nation
Henry Ford
Automobile. Made cars affordable to every-day people through his assembly line, which enabled mass production
Early labor movements
Early labor movements made the push towards reform and better working conditions. Several strikes took place (Pullman Strike, Great Railroad Strike, etc.) and many unions were established, most notably the AFL and The Knights of Labor. Most unions focused on skilled labor, as unskilled labor could easily be replaced. All these established better wages, the 8-hour workday, improved safety, and rights for women and children
Muckrakers
Journalists who directed media attention to social problems to spur social change during the Progressive Era. This was often done through sensationalist publications
Yellow journalism
A new style of newspaper reporting, which emphasized exaggeration rather than facts to draw attention. This was used to highlight the wrongdoings of Spain and foster support for the Spanish-American War
Progressivism
Progressivism was the belief in progress. It stressed human intervention to create a better society. Progressives believed that the root of America’s social problems was political corruption and the influence of large corporations
Spanish-American War
Imperialist ideas spurred protests against Spanish control in Cuba and Puerto Rico, sparking tensions and leading to a U.S. declaration of war. It was an easy win for the Americans and the U.S. established their influence in Cuba and Puerto Rico. Its effects were the emergence of the U.S. as a global power through territorial expansion, and the end of Spanish colonialism in the Caribbean
Boxer Rebellion
(1899-1901) A violent anti-foreign uprising in China initiated by a group called the Harmonious Fists. It was sparked by Western influence in China, particularly the Open Door Policy. The boxers were eventually defeated and foreign occupation in China continued
Environmental movement
The environmental movement in the early 1900s began because of concerns about the nation’s depleting resources and the effects of industrialization and urbanization. Environmental movements were largely pushed by Teddy Roosevelt’s policies. Conservation focused on saving and using resources wisely, while preservation was the protection of the land and wildlife, which led to national parks
Ansel Adams
A photographer who promoted preservation and conservation by capturing the beauty of landscapes
John Muir
The Father of National Parks. A writer and naturalist who advocated for the preservation of American wilderness and resources. He opposed the Hetch Hetchy Dam
Hetch Hetchy
A valley that saw the construction of a dam in 1923 to provide water to San Francisco. It sparked controversy and fueled the environmental movement
Settlement Houses
Widespread poverty and crime created the Settlement House Movement. The purpose of these houses was to help the unfortunate
Beginning and end of WW2
WW2 began on September 1, 1939, when Germany invaded Poland. It ended on September 2, 1945, when Japan surrendered in the Pacific
Battle of Midway
June 3-6, 1942. An overwhelming victory for the U.S. over Japan, which weakened the Japanese navy and turned the tide of war in the pacific theatre
