semester 2 study guide Flashcards
1
Q
which of the following events occurred first
a. the treaty of fort laramie
b. the death of sitting bull
c. the sand creek massacre
d. the massacre at wounded knee
A
c
2
Q
what was not central to the life and culture of the plains indians in the 1800s
A
land ownership
3
Q
which of the following was most responsible for bringing an end to the era of the wide-open western frontier
a. the railroad
b. barbed wire
c. sheep ranching
d. bonanza farming
A
a
4
Q
which of the following marked the collapse of populism
a. the panic of 1893
b. the founding of the grange
c. the “cross of gold” speech
d. the election of william mckinley
A
d
5
Q
most native americans responded to restrictions placed upon them by the U.S. gov by
A
ignoring the restrictions
6
Q
the mexican vaquero influenced the american cowboy in all of the following areas except
a. politics
b. language
c. clothing
d. food
A
a
7
Q
bimetallism would allow for the exchange of paper currency for
A
either gold or silver
8
Q
homesteader
A
settler who farmed land given by the federal gov
9
Q
bonanza farm
A
massive single-crop farm owned by railroad companies and private investors
10
Q
what marked the end of the wars between the federal gov and the plains indians
A
the massacre at wounded knee
11
Q
who were the exodusters
A
former slaves from the south who settled on the great plains
12
Q
why did plains farmers in the late 1800s tend to support bimetallism
A
it would put more money in circulation
13
Q
what did not intensify the debts that plains farmers had during the late 1800s
A
a shrinking supply of farm land
14
Q
invented the typewriter
A
christopher sholes
15
Q
first successfully used a steam engine to remove oil from beneath the earth’s surface
A
edwin l. drake
16
Q
ran the american railway union and later ran for president several times as a socialist
A
eugene v. debs
17
Q
scottish immigrant who made a fortune in steel and donated most of his profits
A
andrew carnegie
18
Q
organized coal miners, their wives, and their children to fight for better working conditions
A
mary harris “mother” jones
19
Q
created trusts and was criticized as a robber baron while serving as head of the standard oil company
A
john d. rockefeller
20
Q
perfected the incandescent light bulb, created an electrical power system, and organized power plants
A
thomas alva edison
21
Q
developed a cheap and effective manufacturing process for making steel
A
henry bessemer
22
Q
opened the way for worldwide communications with invention of the telephone
A
alexander graham bell
23
Q
railroad-car mogul who built a town to house his employees
A
george m. pullman
24
Q
why was pullman, illinois, and unusual town
A
it as built by a company to house its workers
25
what did social darwinism discourage
gov. regulations
26
what place did 146 female workers die in a fire
the triangle shirtwaist factory
27
why were scabs unpopular with striking workers during the late 1800s
they were workers used to break strikes
28
what made it possible to construct skyscrapers in the 1800s
new methods of making steel
29
what did industrial consolidation and trusts reduce during the late 1800s
competition
30
who organized the industrial workers of the world
radical unionists and socialists
31
what resulted from the investigation of the triangle shirtwaist fire
changes in local labor laws for women and children
32
what was the goal of the interstate commerce act
to lower excessive railroad rates
33
the main purpose of the company known as credit mobilier was to
steal railroad money for its shareholders
34
all of the following factors contributed to the immense industrial boom of the early 1900s except
a. a wealth of natural resources
b. gov. support for business
c. a growing urban population
d. the emergence of the middle class
d
35
the sherman antitrust act
outlawed the formation of trusts that interfered with free trade
36
the great strike of 1877 took place in the
railroad industry
37
in the late 1800s, collective bargaining was a technique used to
win workers' rights
38
the use of standardized time and time zones was introduced in order to benefit
railroad companies and train travelers
39
social darwinism was used to justify all of the following except
a. the existence of poverty
b. the success of big business
c. the power of millionaire industrialists
d. gov regulation of business
d
40
vertical integration, a business strategy used by steel mogul andrew carnegie, involves
buying out raw material producers and distributors
41
the interstate commerce act gave the right to supervise railroad activities to
the federal gov
42
invented the typewriter
christopher sholes
43
invented the telephone
alexander graham bell
44
developed an efficient technique for transforming iron into steel
henry bessemer
45
why did the policy of treating the great plains as a huge reservation change
white settlers began wanting the land on the plains
46
introduced an efficient means of retrieving oil from beneath the earth's surface
edwin l. drake
47
perfected the incandescent light bulb at his research lab in menlo park, NJ
thomas alva edison
48
developed an entire system for producing and distributing electrical power and organized power plants around the nation
thomas alva edison
49
formed american railway union
eugene v. debs
50
process by which a company buys out all of its suppliers
vertical integration
51
millionaire tycoon who made his riches in the steel industry
andrew carnegie
52
focused on collective bargaining and used strikes as a major tactic
american federation of labor
53
made it illegal for corporations to interfere with free interstate or international trade
sherman antitrust act
54
a corporation that does nothing but buy out the stock of other companies
holding company
55
supporter of the great strike on 1877 and organizer of the unitd mine workers of america
mary harris jones
56
organized in chicago, 1905, by a group of radical unionists and socialists
industrial workers of the world
57
theory that justified the efforts of millionaires and discouraged gov interference in the big business
social darwinism
58
a corpotation made up of many companies that receive certificates entitling them to dividends on profits earned
trust
59
a market in which one company has complete control over an industry's production quality, wages paid, and prices charged
mononpoly
60
the main immigration processing station in san francisco was called
angel island
61
the main goal of the chinese exclusion act was to
decrease chinese immigration
62
the main goal of the americanization movement was to
assimilate people of various cultures into the dominant culture
63
the row house was a new type of housing that conserve space by
sharing side walls with other buildings
64
settlement houses were founded in the late 1800s by
social reformers
65
the illegal use of political influence for personal gain is called
graft
66
tammany hall was the name of
a new york city political machine
67
an example of patronage would be
appointing a friend to a political position
68
the stalwarts were strong supporters of
the spoils system
69
the pendleton civil service act required
applicants for gov jobs to pass examinations
70
the inventor of the popular roll-film camera was __
george eastman
71
in chicago, ___ opened the first department store in the nation
marshall field
72
the landscape architect ___ led the movement for planned urban parks
frederick law olmsted
73
the first skyscraper was designed by ___
louis sullivan
74
according to ___, educated blacks should be immediately join the mainstream of society
w. e. b. dubois
75
the first powered airplane was developed by ___
orville and wilbur wright
76
by writing and lecturing, ___ tried to end the lynching of african americans
ida b. wells
77
novelist and humorist ___ wrote books that have become american classics
mark twain
78
the tuskegee institute was founded by ___ to help african americans develop useful job skills
booker t. washington
79
competing with joseph pulitzer, ___ published sensational stories in his newspapers
william randolph hearst
80
the factor that prevented the greatest number of children from attending public high schools was
racism
81
southern states sometimes used a grandfather clause to allow them to
keep african americans from voting while allowing whites to do so
82
cities in the late 19th century expanded with the development of all of the following except
a. subways
b. skyscrapers
c. airplanes
d. suspension bridges
c
83
daniel burnham's plan for the city of chicago emphasized
a lakefront park system
84
skyscrapers were made possible by the invention of
the elevator and a steel framework
85
in the southwest, many mexicans earned a living as
railroad workers and agricultural laborers
86
all of the following became popular around the turn of the 20th century except
a. european literature
b. professional baseball
c. vaudeville theater
d. amusement parks
a
87
jim crow laws were laws that
separated the races
88
what was not a trend in education around 1900
most african americans attending high school
89
in the case of plessy v. ferguson, the supreme court ruled that
racial segregation in pubic facilities was legal
90
which development in the late 1900s allowed cities to expand outward
new railroad lines
91
which development lowered the price of newspapers to a penny a copy
a printing press that simultaneously printed both sides of the paper
92
what was not true of public education around 1900
the number of blacks attending public school was rapidly catching up with whites
93
who expressed the belief that racism would end as blacks acquired practical work skills and proved their economic value to society
booker t. washington
94
what did not keep african americans in the south from voting
the separate-but-equal doctrine
95
the popularity of bicycling and amusement parks reflected which trend of the 1900s
an interest in leisure activities
96
what effect can be traced directly to the supreme court's ruling in plessy v. ferguson
racial segregation was permitted for nearly 60 years
97
how did george eastman contribute to an explosion in the popularity of photography
by inventing a camera that used roll film instead of heavy glass plates
98
how did the introduction of the bicycle affect women's lives
it made many women feel more independent
99
what type of fiction was very popular around the turn of the 20th century
western adventure tales
100
reform movement that sought to return contol of the gov to the people
progressivism
101
president of the united states who was a former president of princeton university and governor of NJ
woodrow wilson
102
an advocate for improving the lives of women and children
florence kelley
103
muckraking journalist who exposed the terrible conditions of the meatpacking industry
upton sinclair
104
the movement to protect america's natural resources
conservation
105
the term used to describe the progressive reforms of president theodore roosevelt
square deal
106
watchdog agency given the power to stop unfair business practices
federal trade commission
107
president whose actions split the republican party after he angered both progressives and conservationists
william h. taft
108
a plan that reformed how american banks were organized
federal reserve system
109
a leader of the woman suffrage movement
susan b. anthony
110
what was not a cause of world war i
american isolationism
111
where did the assassination that triggered world war i occur
bosnia
112
what caused widespread starvation in germany
the british blockade
113
what did the united states use to overcome the threat of german u-boats
groups of guarded ships
114
what was a result of the selective service act
men were required to register for military service
115
what weapons of mechanized warfare were introduced in world war i
airplanes and tanks
116
which of the following nations suffered the fewest casualties
a. france
b. great britain
c. austria-hungary
d. the united states
d
117
which of the following nations was not a member of the big four
a. italy
b. france
c. russia
d. great britain
c
118
who rejected wilson's fourteen points peace plan
allied leaders
119
what reason did senators give for opposing u.s. membership in the league of nations
it would drag the united states into european conflicts
120
what was the length of the entire western front in september 1914
about 400 miles
121
the policy that kept the united states out of the war for three years was called
neutrality
122
because militarism had been a major cause of the war, the framers of the treaty of versailles
barred germany from maintaining an army
123
the war might have involved only two nations, austria-hungary and serbia, if not for
the alliance system
124
the schliffen plan was effective because it
allowed germany to drive quickly toward the french capital
125
what was the most compelling reason for the united states to enter the war was
the outrage of american citizens over german submarine warfare
126
the espionage and sedition acts affected freedom of speech because they
allowed the gov to silence ideas that challenged its authority
127
labor leaders were targeted by the espionage and sedition acts because they
demanded better conditions for workers, even during a war crisis
128
gains made by american women during world war i include
increased support for women's right to vote
129
the treaty of versailles overlooked the importance of
treating all nations justify, including the losers of a war
130
his assassination sparked world war i
archduke franz ferdinand
131
this british liner was sunk by a german u-boat
lusitania
132
these people opposed world war i because they perceived all wars as evil
pacifists
133
these people opposed world war i because they saw it as an imperialist struggle
socialists
134
in 1914, this alliance consisted of france, great britain, and russia
allies
135
in 1914, this alliance consisted of germany, austria-hungary, and the ottoman empire
central powers
136
this contained a suggestion of an alliance between mexico and germany that deeply angered the american people
zimmermann note
137
this long-term cause of the war involved the development of the armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy
militarism
138
closely linked with industrialization, this long-term cause of the war involved a contest for colonies
imperialism
139
in the battle of the somme, this resulted in the exchange of seven miles of territory at the cost of 1.2 million casualties
trench warfare
140
this long-term cause of the war encouraged competitiveness between nations and encouraged various ethnic groups to attempt to create nations of their own
nationalism
141
he commanded the american expeditionary force (aef)
general john j. pershing
142
admiral william s. sims convinced the british to use this as a hindrance to german u-boat attacks
convoy system
143
this term describes a person who opposes warfare on moral grounds
conscientious objector
144
this began with the introduction of the tank and the airplane as weapons
mechanized warfare
145
having shot down at least 29 enemy planes, he was america's leading ace pilot in the war
captain eddie rickenbacker
146
this involved merchant vessels traveling in large groups with naval ships acting as guards
convoy system
147
this required men to register with the gov. in order to be randomly selected for military service
selective service act
148
although american women served in the navy, marines, and army corps of nurses, they were not subject to this
selective service act
149
armed only with a rifle an a revolver, he killed 25 germans, silenced 35 enemy machine guns, and, with 6 other soldiers, captured 132 prisoners
alvin york
