Semester 4 Pharm- used for/ does? Flashcards
(37 cards)
Amiodarone HCI
Anti-arrhythmic, adrenergic blocker- effective against both atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias
most important- monitor for cough- pulmonary toxicity, do not give if pulse < 50, must be on EKG for IV admin
Atorvastatin
anti hyperlipidemic and hmg coA reductase inhibitor- reduces LDL and tricglycerides and increases HDL
important- increases liver enzyme transaminase- monitor liver fxn tests, no grapefruit juice
Digoxin
increases contractility of the heart
imptnt- antidote- digifab, less than 60 pulse hold, herbal remedies change effect
Carvedilol
alpha and beta blocker, antiHTN, HF, cardiomyopathy and LV dysfxn.
Impt- may mask hypoglycemia, S/E dysrhythmias
Calcium Acetate
hyperphosphatemia
impt- monitor for hypercalcemia: polydypsia, polyuria, abdml pain
monitor blood levels 2X/wk, and electrolytes
not for renal calculi pts
Erythropoetin
stimulates RBC prodxn in bone marrow, used for anemia (unless caused by low iron), for HIV, Cancer and renal failure related anemia.
impt- monitor BP and RBCs, target Hgb= 10-12 g/dl
Furosemide
loop diuretic blocks reabsorption of Na and chloride, for edema with WF, cirrhosis, renal disease, acute pulmonary edema and HTN
Impt- Hold w/ low K, monitor/reduce Li,
A/E: ototoxicity, hypotension, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia
Glyburide
antidiabetic/ sulfonylurea, stimulates insulin release from functioning beta cells
Impt- DC 1 month before baby delivery, avoid alcohol and herbals
Irbesartan
antiHTN, inhibits vasoconstriction (angiotensin II), slows nephropathy
Impt- monitor bp before admin (want normal)
monitor k, liver and renal
lactulose
ammonia reduction/ laxative
monitor serum ammonia (NH3), electrolytes, acid base balance
report belching and abdominal fullness/ assess abdominal distention
metformin
antidiabetic- decreases hepatic glucose production
monitor for GI issues, vitamin deficiency, BUN, CBC, LFT, creatinine; A1C q 3 months
teach eat high vitamin B and folic acid, do not crush or chew ER
C/I: IV contrast
nitroglycerin
vasodilator of coronary arteries, systemic dilation, BP may drop in 1 min. IV use: perioperative control of BP, production of controlled BP during surgery, tx of HF associated with MI, angina
initially monitor BP q 1-3 mins
monitor: RAP, PAWP, SVR, BP, HR, urine output and HA
requires non polyvinyl infusion tubing and cannot be exposed to light
nitroprusside
for hypertensive crisis, vasodilator
monitor BP Q 2-5 mins
Monitor PAWP (pulmonary artery wedge pressure), SVR, BP, HR, urine output
observe for thiocyanate or cyanide toxicity
infusion bag must be covered with foil, maintain dose of less than 3mcg/kg/,min if possible
pantoprazole
proton pump inhibitor for Gerd or erosive esophagitis
elevation fo gastric pH may increase risk of pneumonia. Long term risk of hypomagnesemia, osteoporosis and fractures
need an in line filter- reconstituted powder in NS
dopamine
Alpha and beta agonist (help), use for hypotension, low CO, poor perfusion of organs, hemodynamic imbalance in shock syndrome
will cause increased urine output in hypotensive pt
dilute ; use antecubital IV site or central line, observe for infiltration- in event stop infusion and live IV in place
Lidocaine
decreases ventricular excitability- for PVC and ventricular tachycardia
need ECG monitor
monitor renal and hepatic labs
not to exceed 200-300 mg in 1 hour
dobutamine HCl
b selective agonist, increases myocardial contractility and CO. used for short term cardiac decompensation
Needs a dedicated line, interacts with Metoprolol, titrated to hemodynamic and renal response
spironolactone
spares potassium! diuretic, for hypertension, edema, nephrotic syndrome, heart failure, hyperaldosteronism (mineralcorticoid- steroid- retain Na&H2O) may take 24-48 hrs for effect, steroid side effects, monitor electrolytes, kidneys and weight
mannitol
osmotic diuretic (sugar), used for oliguric phase of renal failure, cerebral edema (high ICP), exertion of toxins, decrease TURP swelling
monitor cardiac pts for CHF and pulmonary edema,
tritrate to urinary output of 30-50/hr
use filtered IV tubing
pipercillin/ tazobactam
broad spectrum antibiotic
C/I cephalosporin and penicillin drugs
maintain pt on strict I&O, monitor renal and platelet count
report diarrhea, bloody stools, alternative BC
Max dose 24Gm/24 hrs
methyprednisolone sodium
corticosteroid/ glucocorticoid/ hormone for anti inflammatory, allergic d/o, dermatologic diseases, status asthmaticus autoimmune d/o, thrombocytopenia pupura, ulcerative colitis, trichinosis, N&V, septic shock, SCI
increase risk of infection, causes osteoporosis, check glucose q6hr
promethazine
antiemetic, anti histamine, sedative-hypnotic
use for N/V, adjunct to decrease dose of opioid
vascular injury- no iv push, assess for resp depression before admin, monitor hepatic fun, 25mg in 25-50 ml NS IVPB to prevent gangrene
Vancomycin
gram + antibacterial used for MRSA and Cdiff
if given too fast causes red neck, flush, rash, tachycardia, hypotension.
monitor for extravasation, rotate site ever 2-3 days, monitor renal labs, BP, leukocyte count
oral not systemic- only for local bowel use
ondansetron
antiemetic, monitor hepatic and renal
s/e- HA, dizzy, drowsy- call to get up
