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Nursing - RVT > Semester > Flashcards

Semester Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Mydriasis

A

Dilation of the pupil of the eye

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2
Q

Antitussive

A

A drug used to suppress coughing by reducing the activity of the cough centre of the brain

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3
Q

Affinity

A

A relationship or resemblance in structure between species that suggests a common origin

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4
Q

Efficacy

A

The ability to produce a desired or intended result

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5
Q

Dysphoria

A

A state of profound unease or dissatisfaction

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6
Q

Antipyretic

A

A drug used to prevent or reduce fever

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7
Q

Perfusion

A

The process of a body delivering blood to a capillary bed in its biological tissue….to pour over or through

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8
Q

Perforation

A

A hole made by boring or piercing, an aperture passing through or into something

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9
Q

Inotropic

A

Affect the strength of contraction of the heart muscle
Negative Inotropic= weakened force
Positive Inotropic= Strengthened force

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10
Q

Chronotropic

A

Rate of contraction of the heart muscle

Positive or negative

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11
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Potassium level in the blood that is higher than normal

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12
Q

Ptyalism

A

Excessive production of saliva

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13
Q

Pallor

A

Pale colour of the skin caused by illness, shock, stress, stimulant use or anemia

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14
Q

Lacrimation

A

The secretion of tears specifically: abnormal or excessive secretion of tears due to local or systemic disease

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15
Q

Cardiac output

A

The amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in one minute

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16
Q

Hypoxia

A

Low oxygen levels in the blood

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17
Q

Ischemia

A

An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body….esp the heart muscles

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18
Q

Oliguria

A

Diminished urine secretion

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19
Q

Hyperosmolarity

A

Increase of osmolarity….’osmosis’…movement from a lower area of concentration to a higher area of concentration to equalize

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20
Q

What drugs are considered pure agonists

A 
fentanyl
Morphine
Hydromorphone
Oxymorphone
Codeine
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21
Q

How long is the dosing interval for morphine?

A

1-6 hrs

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22
Q

What is the dosing interval for Fentanyl?

A

15-20 min

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23
Q

What is the dosing interval for hydro and oxy morphone?

A

2-4 hrs

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24
Q

How long is the dosing interval for codeine?

25
What drugs are considered partial agonists?
Butorphanol | Buprenorphine
26
What is the dosing interval for Buprenorphine?
4-8 hrs
27
What drug is considered an antagonist?
Naloxone
28
How are opioids metabolized?
By the kidneys and liver therefore caution in patients with renal or hepatic disease
29
How do alpha 2 agonists work?
Bind to alpha 2 receptors inhibiting the release or norepinephrine activation...dampen pain
30
How long are the affects of alpha 2 agonists?
30-90 min
31
Name 3 commonly used alpha 2 agonists
Xylazine Medetomidine Dexmedatomidine
32
What of the drugs is the safest and most affective of the alpha 2 agonists?
Dexmedatomidine
33
What drug is considered a 'rescue' drug for poor recovery following surgery?
Dexmedatomidine
34
How do alpha 2 antagonists work?
Reverse both analgesic and sedative affects
35
Name 2 drugs that are alpha 2 antagonists
Yohimbine - xylazine reversal | Anti-sedan - dexdomitor reversal
36
What is the drawback of Yohimbine as a reversal drug?
Can cause CNS excitement
37
What are the side effects for alpha 2 agonists?
Initial vasoconstriction causing hypertension and profound bradycardia - decreased cardiac output - Arrhythmias - Vomiting - transient hyperglycemia
38
What patients should we not use alpha 2 agonist drugs on?
Cardiac patients Geriatrics Increased intracranial pressure
39
What are NSAIDS used for in veterinary medicine?
Analgesia Antipyretic Antiinflammatory
40
How do NSAIDS work?
Work as inhibitors of cyclooxyrgenase enzyme
41
What does COX do?
It is an enzyme that is produced in the presence of injury or normal degradation of cell membrane.
42
What does COX 1 do?
- Secretion of protective gastric mucus - Profusion of gastric mucosa - Maintenance of renal blood flow - Maintenance of platelet function
43
What does COX 2?
Vasodilation Amplify Nociception Amplify transmission of pain
44
What are the major side affects of NSAIDS?
Gastric Ulcerations Decreased renal blood flow Decreased platelet activity
45
What is a 1st generation NSAID?
Aspirin - COX 1 preferential
46
What drugs are 2nd generation NSAIDS?
``` Meloxicam Ketoprofen Etodolac Carproten COX 2 preferential ```
47
What drugs are 3rd generation NSAIDS?
Decocoxib Robenacoxib Firocoxib COX 2 selective
48
What drug is considered a rescue drug for poor recovery from surgery?
Dexmedatomidine
49
Name 2 drugs that are alpha 2 antagonists?
Yohimbine - Xylazine antagonist | Antipamizole-Antisedan - Dexmedatomidine antagonist
50
What is the drawback of Yohimbine as a reversal?
Can cause CNS excitement
51
What are the side effects of alpha 2 agonists?
Initial vasoconstriction which can cause profound bradycardia, Arythmia, and decreased cardiac output by as much as 50%. Vomiting Transient hyperglycemia
52
What patients should we not use alpha 2 agonists on?
Cardiac concerns Geriatrics Those at risk of increased intracranial pressure
53
What kind of drug is ketamine?
Dissociative that works by blocking the NMDA receptors
54
What are the analgesic effects of ketamine?
Excellent somatic pain control, little visceral effects
55
How does ketamine work?
Antagonist at the NMDA receptor Prevents 'wind up' pain Improves opioid receptor sensitivity
56
What patients should we avoid using ketamine in?
Cardiac concerns | Head trauma/seizures
57
How does Tramadol work?
It's a synthetic drug with both Opiod and non-Opiod affects. The metabolites produced after passing through the liver select mu receptors as well as inhibit serotonin uptake and norepinephrine impulses at the spinal level. Good analgesic effect
58
What patients should not be given Tramadol?
Because , it must be metabolized to produce effects, it should not be given to patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction Also avoid Intracranial pressure and seizure patients

Nursing - RVT (1 decks)

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