1. ) maintain national defense 2. ) provide public services 3. ) preserve order 4. ) socialize the young 5. ) collect taxes

Semester Review Flashcards by Brie Schleicher

Public good

A good available to everybody

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Government

Institution that makes policies for society

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Public policy

Policy made in response to a political issue

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Politics

Process by which we select govt. leaders and what responsibilities they pursue

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Linkage institution

Things where an issue can be heard to govt

Ex.) mass media

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Rights protected by 1st amendment

Freedom of speech, assembly, and religion

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Rights protected by 2nd amendment

Right to bear arms

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Rights protected by 3rd amendment

Quartering of soldiers

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Rights protected by 4th amendment

Right against unreasonable search and seizures

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Rights protected by 5th amendment

Grand juries, no double jeopardy, self incrimination, & due process

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Rights protected by 6th amendment

Criminal court procedures

Should have speedy trial

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Rights protected by 7th amendment

Trial by jury in common law cases

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Rights protected by 8th amendment

Bails, fines, & punishment

No cruel and unusual punishment

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Patronage

Inducement (attraction) used by party machines

Given for political reasons

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Federalism

Organizing nations so at least 2 levels of govt have authority over the same land and people

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Unfunded mandate

Performing actions without receiving pay for them

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Roe vs. Wade

1973, court decided that a state bans on abortions would be unconstitutional

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Gregg vs. Georgia

1976, court decided punishment selected wasn’t cruel and unusual, “ it isn’t an extreme sanction, suitable for most extreme crimes

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Civil liberties

Legal protections against govt

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Largest political party

Democratic Party

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Elastic clause

Authorized congress to pass laws necessary and proper to carry out enumerated powers

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Necessary and proper

Another term for elastic clause

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Supremacy clause

Makes constitution, national laws, and treaties superior to state laws when national govt is acting within its constitutional limits

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5 govt functions

) maintain national defense
) provide public services
) preserve order
) socialize the young
) collect taxes

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Policy gridlock

No coalition is strong enough to form majority and make a policy

19th amendment

Women's right to vote

Trial balloon

Leaking a plan to see a reaction

Flat tax

Everyone pays the same rate | Ex: cheeseburger

Progressive tax

Based on ability to pay, income

Original jurisdiction

Jurisdiction made when hearing case for the first time

Appellate jurisdiction

Jurisdiction made when hearing the case again.

Gideon vs. Wainwright

1963, anyone accused of a felony where imprisonment may occur, no matter how poor, has the right to a lawyer

Reason for development of a Republican Party

Slavery expansion

Double jeopardy

Tried 2 times for the same crime, protected in 5th amendment

Incrementalism

Last years budget plus a little more

Veto

President says no to a bill so it doesn't become a law.

Hyperpluralism

Groups too strong for the govt.

Elite class theory

Rich and poor politics

Pluralism

Emphasizes politics as a competition among groups, pressing for their policies

Checks and balances

Features of constitution, limits govt. power by splitting it among the three branches of govt.

Age group least likely to vote

18-25 years

Interest group

Group of people with similar policy goals entering policy process to attempt to achieve goals

Affirmative action

Policy designed to give special attention to members of a previously disadvantaged group.

Entitlement

Congress pays X amount of benefits to Y number of recipients. Ex) social security benefits

Appropriation

Act of congress, funds programs within limits of authorization bill.

Civil rights

Designed to protect people against discriminatory treatment by govt. officials

Electoral college, votes

Created by constitution, selection of our president, 538 total votes 270 votes to win

Gerrymandering

Practice that attempts to establish a political advantage for a particular party

Lobbyist, most common function

Political persuaders that represent organized group, they influence legislation on behalf of special interest groups.

Iron triangles(sub governments)

Relationship between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups and congressional committees

Jeffersons 3 rights

Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness

Influence of John Locke

Similar to our Declaration of Independence

How bureaucracies function

Task specialization, merit principle

Functions of Supreme Court

Resolve conflicts among states, maintain national supremacy in the law

Liberal vs. conservative

Liberals, treehuggers | Conservatives, tough guys

5 principals of democracy

1) equality in voting 2) effective participation 3) enlightened understanding 4) citizen control if the agenda 5) inclusion

Plessey vs. Ferguson

Separate but equal is legal

Miranda vs. Arizona

Miranda rights for questioning a person

U. Of Cal vs. Baake

Right of Supreme Court to determine meaning of the U.S. Constitution

Reed vs. Reed

Any rude gender based discrimination is violating the 14th Amendment

Brown vs. Board of Education

Integration of separate schools

Legislative branch | Head and function

Senate | Makes laws

Judicial branch | Head, function

Supreme Court, evaluates laws

Executive branch | Head, function

President, carries out laws

Semester Review Flashcards

(64 cards)