Semester Review Flashcards
(181 cards)
0
Q
Confidentiality
A
All information about a patient is protected
1
Q
Phlebotomy
A
The practice of drawing blood; to cut into a vein
2
Q
Accreditation
A
Official approval of a program from a professional organization
3
Q
Certification
A
Verification that an individual has demonstrated proficiency in a particular area of practice
4
Q
Licensure
A
A document permit issued by a government agency that grants the bearer permission to provide a particular service or procedure
5
Q
ASCP
A
American Society for Clinical Pathologist
6
Q
NAACLS
A
National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences
7
Q
ASPT
A
American Society for Phlebotomy Technicians
8
Q
AMT
A
American Medical Technologist
9
Q
List the regular duties of a phlebotomist
A
Obtain blood samples, adhere to safety regulations, keep accurate records
10
Q
What is the first step you perform in a routine blood collection?
A
Identify the patient
11
Q
What does the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPPA) regulate?
A
Privacy of medical information
12
Q
CCU
A
Coronary Care Unit or Cardiac Care Unit
13
Q
CLIA
A
Clinical Lab Improvement Act of 1988
14
Q
MT
A
Medical Technologist
15
Q
RN
A
Registered Nurse
16
Q
GTT
A
Glucose Tolerance Test
17
Q
RBC
A
Red Blood Cell
18
Q
SST
A
Serum Separator Tube
19
Q
HMO
A
Health Maintenance Organization
20
Q
JCHAO
A
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
21
Q
Hemolyzed
A
Breakage of red blood cells and blood Blood serum has a pink tinge
22
Q
Icteric
A
Increase in the amount of bacteria in the serum Blood is dark yellow
23
Q
Lipemic
A
Caused by recent ingestion of lipids or fats Blood is milky white and cloudy
24
Autologous Donation
Donating own blood for use at a later time
25
Electrolytes
A group of tests that evaluate the levels of minerals in the blood
26
Reference Lab
An independent lab that analyzes samples from other healthcare facilities
27
Which category of administrative services does the laboratory fall under?
Professional Services
28
Which type of health organization typically employs phlebotomist?
Hospitals
29
Pharmacy
Prepares and dispenses drugs that have been prescribed by physicians
30
Coagulation
Performs prothrombin times & checks for clotting by factors and platelets
31
Microbiology
Isolates and identifies pathogenic microorganisms Performs Culture & Sensitivity
32
Immunohematology
Deals with blood used for transfusions Preforms compatibility testing
33
Toxicology
Analyzes plasma for levels of drugs and poisons
34
Hematology
Analyzes blood for evidence of disease affecting blood forming tissues Performs CBCs
35
Chemistry
Tests chemical components of blood
36
Urinalysis
Urine is examined to assess kidney disease and metabolic disorders Uses reagent strips
37
Who is usually the director of the hospital clinical laboratory?
Pathologist
38
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration Informs workers about hazards in the workplace and protects workers from harm
39
FDA
Food & Drug Administration
40
MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheet Provides information about chemicals in hazards and provides procedures for cleanup and first aid
41
Anaphylaxis
A rapid severe immune reaction that can be deadly
42
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
True allergic response to proteins of latex are absorbed through the skin or by inhalation of powder
43
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
Reaction to direct skin contact with materials left on the latex during manufacturing
44
Sensitivity
Reaction to latex protein and glucose and other medical equipment usually is to contact dermatitis
45
Biological
Infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses
46
Chemical
Preservatives and reagents
47
Flammable
Open flames, oxygen, and chemicals
48
Physical
Wet floors and heavy lifting
49
Sharps
Needles, lancets, and broken glass
50
What is the first thing you should do if you have been struck with a used needle?
Flush the exposed area with water and clean it with soap and water or skin disinfectant
51
What is the first up you should take if you see smoke and flames in the laboratory?
Pull the fire alarm RACE
52
Be familiar with the precautions to take to reduce risk from hazardous chemicals
Never add water to acid; add acid to water Follow the written chemical hygiene plan Never mix chemicals unless following an approve procedure Never store chemicals above eye level Know the locations of safety showers and eyewash stations
53
Be familiar with the steps to giving breathing Aide
Determine if the victim is conscious Place on from flat surface Open airway Check for breathing Pinch nostrils Give two slow breaths
54
What is the first thing you should do it in the event of an electrical shock?
Turn off the equipment and remove the source of shock
55
Infection
Invasion by and growth of a microorganism in the human body that causes disease
56
Fomite
Contaminated object
57
Reservoir
A person caring an infectious agent without being sick
58
Healthcare Associated Infections
Infections contacted by a patient during a hospital stay
59
HEPA
High Efficiency Particulate Air Filtration
60
Vector Transmission
Transmission of infectious agents by organisms that are not harmed by either presence
61
Standard Precautions
Infection control method that uses barrier protection and work control practices to prevent direct skin contact with blood, other body fluids, and tissue from all persons
62
Common Vehicle Transmission
Means of contaminated object such as food, water, medications devices, and equipment
63
Airborne Infection
particles that contain infectious microorganisms
64
Isolation
The separation of an infectious source from susceptible host breaking the chain of infection
65
Pathogen
Infectious organisms
66
What is the best way to prevent the spread of infection?
Washing hands
67
How long should you scrub your hands together when you were washing them?
15 seconds
68
What sort of disinfectant should be used against blood-borne pathogen?
10% bleach
69
When are Airborne precautions used?
For patients known for or suspected to have a disease transmitted by air infectious nuclei
70
When are droplet precautions used?
For patients known or suspected to have a disease transmitted by large infectious nuclei
71
When are contact precautions used?
For patients with diseases or conditions transmitted by direct contact
72
What is the principal occupational rest for infection for phlebotomist?
Needlestick
73
How long does hepatitis B survive in blood?
7 days
74
What organism causes AIDS?
HIV
75
What organism causes syphilis?
Treponema pallium
76
What organism causes chickenpox?
Varicella zoster
77
What organism causes gonorrhea?
Nessiera gohorrheae
78
What organism causes tuberculosis?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
79
What organism causes malaria?
Plasmodium
80
Cells
Smallest living unit in the body
81
Organ
A distinct structural units in the body specializedfor a complex function
82
Tissue
Cells of similar structure and function
83
Hemostasis
The dynamic steady state equaling good health
84
Distal
Further away from the point of attachment
85
Proximal
Close to the point of attachment
86
Superior
Above
87
Inferior
below
88
Prone
Lying on the stomach
89
Supine
Lying on the back
90
Ligament
Attach bone to bone
91
Tendon
Attaches muscle to bone
92
Sagittal plane
Divides the body into right and left sides
93
Transverse plane
Divides the body into superior and inferior sections
94
Frontal plane
Divides the body into dorsal and ventral sections
95
What instrument is used to measure blood pressure?
Sphygmomanometer
96
What are the two atrioventricular heart valves?
The tricuspid (right AV) The mitral/bicuspid (left AV)
97
What are the two semilunar heart valves?
Pulmonary and aortic
98
Where are the best things to draw blood from located?
Ante cubital fossa of the arm
99
What are the three best things to draw blood called?
Cephalic, basilic, and median cubital veins
100
What is the best of the three scenes of the antecubital fossa?
Median cubital vein
101
What percentage of whole blood is plasma in a healthy person?
55%
102
What percent of water is plasma?
90%
103
What percent of blood volume are formed elements?
45%
104
How many layers do arteries and veins have?
Three
105
What are the layers of arteries and veins called?
Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, Tunica Adventia
106
What are the organs that make up the lymphatic system?
Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, and tonsils
107
How long to platelets remain in circulation?
9 to 12 days
108
What cells transport hemoglobin?
RBCs
109
What is the most abundant white blood cell type?
Segmented Neutrophile
110
How many liters of blood is the average adult have?
5 to 6 L
111
What's blood vessel does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place in?
Capillaries
112
What components are associated with the extrinsic pathway?
VIII & Factor III
113
What components are associated with the intrinsic pathway?
Fitzgerald factor, platelet factor three, kallikrein (Fletcher factor), XI, XII, IX, Factor VII
114
What are the different classes of fire?
Class A Class B Class C Class D Class K
115
Class A
extinguishers are for ordinary combustible materials such as paper, wood, cardboard, and most plastics. contains water or dry chemicals
116
Class B
fires involve flammable or combustible liquids such as gasoline, kerosene, grease and oil. contains dry chemicals, Co2, or environmentally safe fluorocarbons
117
Class C
fires involve electrical equipment, such as appliances, wiring, circuit breakers and outlets.
118
Class D
fire extinguishers are commonly found in a chemical laboratory. They are for fires that involve combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, potassium and sodium. dry powders
119
Class K
involve cooking oils, trans-fats, or fats in cooking appliances and are typically found in restaurant and cafeteria kitchens
120
CDC
Centers for Disease Control & Prevention
121
MRSA
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
122
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
123
VRE
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
124
OSHA
Occupational Safety & Health Administration
125
NIOSH
National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health
126
What is this in image of?
Radioactive
127
What do the four parts of the National Fire Protection Association label stand for?
Blue: health hazards
Red: flammability
Yellow: reactivity warning
White: other
128
What is the correct order to take off PPE?
Gloves
Googles
Mask
Gown
129
What is the order to put on PPE?
Gown
Mask
Goggles
Gloves
130
Neuron
a specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses
131
Nephron
each of the functional units in the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus and its associated tubule, through which the glomerular filtrate passes before emerging as urine
132
T4
Thyroxine
133
What are the five body cavities & the organs they contain?
Cranial: brain
Spinal: spinal cord
Thoracic: lungs and heart
Abdominal: digestive organs, spleen and kidneys
Pelvic: bladder and reproductive organs
134
HCG
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
135
What does a positive HCG test mean?
Pregnancy
136
Arteries
carry blood away from the heart
137
Veins
carry blood to the heart
138
Capillaries
smallest blood vessels consisting of one layerof epithelial cells
139
Epicardium
outer layer of the heart
140
Myocardium
middle layer of the heart
141
Endocardium
innermost layer of the heart
142
Myocardial Infarction
Heart Attack
143
Aorta
major artery leaving the heart that takes oxygenated blood to tissues
144
Aneurysm
bulge in the artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall or hypertension
145
Arteriosclerosis
a culmination of fatty deposits in the walls of arteries causing thickening and toughening of artery wall
146
Hemorrhoids
swollen veins in the walls of the anus
147
Varicose Veins
veins that are dialated because of swelling and loss of function of valves
148
Serum
substance produce when blood is allowed to clot and centrifuge
149
Plasma
the fluid portion of blood
150
Erythrocyte
red blood cell
151
Leukocyte
white blood cell
152
Neutrophils
attack and digest bacteria
increase in a bacteria infection
153
Stem Cells
long lived progenitors that form all blood cells in bone marrow
154
Granulocytes
eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils
155
Lymphocytes
include B & T cells make antibodies
increase in viral infections
156
Monocytes
activate B cells to make antibodies
157
Platelets
aid in blood coagulation
158
Hemostasis
the process by which blood vessels repair after injury
159
Plasmin
enzyme that breaks down fibrin in clots
160
Anemia
decrease in the number of red blood cells
161
Hemophilia
inherited disorder marked by deficencies in clotting factor VIII
162
Thrombocytopenia
decrease number of platelets
163
Infectious Mononucleosis
increase in the number of lymphocytes caused by epstein barr
164
T-Helper Cells
destroy ingested microbes and help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells
165
Lymphedema
accumulation of interstitial fluid in tissues due to a blocked lymphatic vessel
166
Lymphoma
tumor of a lymph gland
167
Autoimmunity
attack by the immune system on the body's own tissues
168
What are the four stages of hemostasis?
Vascular Phase: vascular spasm/contraction of the smooth muscle lining the blood vessel occurs when a vein or artery is ruptured; the blood vessel diameter is reduced which deceases the amount of blood flow to the area.
Platelet Phase: platelets aggregate (stick together) and release factors that promote fibrin accumulation
Coagulation Phase: a cascade of enzymes and factors resulting in a fibrin clot.
Either pathway leads to the common pathway and then results in a fibrin clot.
Fibrinolysis: plasmin is formed from plasminogen released from platelets to break down the fibrin clot after the wound is closed and the tissue repair commences
169
What phases of hemostasis are associated with primary hemostasis?
vascular phase & platelet phase
170
What phases of hemostasis are associated with secondary hemostasis?
coagulation phase & fibrinolysis phase
171
What componets are associated with the common pathway?
X
Platelet Factor 3
Factor V
Factor XIII
172
What are the two types of immunities?
Specific immunity involves recognition of antigens (markers) on the surface of a foreign agent.Recognition of these antigens triggers activation of T cells and B cells which triggers specific antibody response.
Nonspecific immunity refers to defense against infectious agents independent of the specific markers on their surfaces. Nonspecific immunity includes physical barriers, the complement system, and phagocytes (WBCs) which engulf and destroy foreign cells without regard to their exact identity
173
Name the Cell
Segmented Neutrophile
174
Name the cell
Eosinophile
175
Name the cell
Basophile
176
Name the cell
lymphocyte
177
Name the cell
monocyte
178
Name the cell
platelet
179
Leukemia
malignancy in the bone marrow causing increased WBC production
180
Polycythemia
increase in total number of blood cells; treated with therapeutic phlebotomy
