Semester Test 1

Question 1

Amino Acids

Answer 1

Any of 20 basic building block proteins- Compised of free amino (NH2) end, a feee carboxyl (COOH) and a side group (R)

Question 2

Applied Science

Answer 2

The problem African use of scientific information to improve human life

Question 3

Hypothesis

Answer 3

An educated guess/prediction has not been proven

Question 4

Independent Variables

Answer 4

The variable that is purposely changes in an experiment you choose to change this one

Question 5

Theory

Answer 5

An explanation that is supported by many observations well tested explanation of natural events

Question 6

Adhesion

Answer 6

An attractive force between unlike substances

Question 7

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 7

No sexual means of reproduction which can include grafting and budding

Question 8

Carnivore

Answer 8

An organism that eats only meats through predation and scavenging

Question 9

Dependent variable

Answer 9

The variable that responds to the independent variable the one you are observing for change

Question 10

Polarity

Answer 10

An uneven distribution of charge throughout the molecule no overall charge

Question 11

Carbohydrates

Answer 11

Compound of CHO ex. Monosaccharide Disaccharide and Polysaccharide

Question 12

Cohesion

Answer 12

An attractive force between LIKE substances

Question 13

DNA

Answer 13

An organic acid and polymer composed of four nitrogen bases exists as a double stranded molecule held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 14

pH

Answer 14

Pure water is neutral and is 7.0; the r lattice concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in a substances

Question 15

Proteins

Answer 15

Composed of CHON has 5 functions in a cell made of building blocks called amino acids

Question 16

Activation Energy

Answer 16

The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

Question 17

Double helix

Answer 17

The DNA molecule resembling a spiral staircase in which the paired bases form the steps of the ladder and sugar phosphate backbone forms the rails

Question 18

Enzymes

Answer 18

Most are proteins speed up chemical reactions in living systems by lowering activation energy

Question 19

Nucleic Acids

Answer 19

Complex molecules that store and transmit genetic information. Imposed of nucleotide

Question 20

Substrate

Answer 20

The reactant that an enzyme binds to substance being broken down by the enzyme

Question 21

Eukaryotes

Answer 21

Cells with true nuclei and membrane bound organelles

Question 22

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 22

A relatively weak bond formed between any hydrogen atoms and a nitrogen or oxygen with an unshared electron pair

Question 23

Phospholipid

Answer 23

Makes up the cell membrane consists of heads and tails

Question 24

Plasma cell membrane

Answer 24

Outer flexible boundary of the cell

Question 25

Prokaryotes

Answer 25

Fells without an nucleus ex a bacteria

Question 26

Active transport

Answer 26

The movement of substances from low concentration to high concentration requires energy

Question 27

Endocytosis

Answer 27

Process by which a cell takes in material from its environment type of active transport

Question 28

Exocytosis

Answer 28

Process by which a cell expels material from inside to outside type of active transport

Question 29

Phagocytosis

Answer 29

Process by which a cell engulfs large particles or even while cells tow of active transport eating cells

Question 30

Pinocytosis

Answer 30

Process by which a cell engulfs liquid droplets or small particles type of active transport cell drinking

Question 31

Diffusion

Answer 31

Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration type of passive transport

Question 32

Ecology

Answer 32

The study of interactions of organisms with their environment and with each other

Question 33

Homeostasis

Answer 33

The ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions temperature water etc

Question 34

Osmosis

Answer 34

The diffusion of water through a membrane type of passive transport

Question 35

Passive transport

Answer 35

Process. Y which particles cross the cell membrane without additional energy from the cell

Question 36

Autotroph

Answer 36

Organism that can produce its own food

Question 37

Heterotroph

Answer 37

Organisms that must consume other organisms for food

Question 38

Hypertonic solutions

Answer 38

Solution in which the concentration of dissolved SO stances is higher inside the cell will cause the cell to shrink

Question 39

Hypotonic solution

Answer 39

Solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances is lower than inside the cell will cause the cell to swell

Question 40

Isotonic solution

Answer 40

Soliton in which the concentration of dissolved substance is the same as inside the cell cause the cell to stay the same size

Question 41

Abiotic Factor

Answer 41

An organism that eats only plant material

Question 42

Biotic factor

Answer 42

Living parts of the environment

Question 43

Fungi

Answer 43

Microorganism that lacks chlorophyll and tends to be decomposers ex mushrooms

Question 44

Herbivore

Answer 44

Process the majority of energy in an ecosystem

Question 45

Selective permeability

Answer 45

Cell membrane acts like a screen regulating what goes in and out

Question 46

Commensalism

Answer 46

The close association of two or more dissimilar organisms where the association is advantageous to one and doesn't affect the others

Question 47

Mass extinction

Answer 47

Extinction of one of the bird periods of time during which large numbers of species disappear

Question 48

Mutualism

Answer 48

A form of symbiosis in which both organisms benefit from living together

Question 49

Niche

Answer 49

Dole or position of an organism in its environment

Question 50

Parasitism

Answer 50

The close association of two or more dissimilar organisms where the association is harmful to at least on organism (dog/flea)

Question 51

Biome

Answer 51

A geographic are characterized by specific kinds of plants and animals

Question 52

Biosphere

Answer 52

The area on and around earth where life exists

Question 53

Monomer

Answer 53

Single subunits that make up larger structures

Question 54

Nucleotide

Answer 54

A building block of DNA and RNA consisting of a nitrogen base five carbon sugar and a phosphate group

Question 55

Energy pyramid

Answer 55

Displays producers at the bottom and builds up to the tertiary consumers at the top

Question 56

Food web

Answer 56

Complex interweaving of food chains displaying predator-prey relationships

Question 57

Symbiosis

Answer 57

He close association of dissimilar organisms where both organisms recurve an advantage from the association

Question 58

Community

Answer 58

Two or more populations living together

Question 59

Ecosystem

Answer 59

Multiple populations along with abiotic factors within the same environment

Question 60

Population

Answer 60

A groups of organisms of the same species living together

Question 61

Biodiversity

Answer 61

Variation of life within an ecosystem

Question 62

Domain

Answer 62

Divided into three divisions eukarya bacteria archaea

Question 63

Genus

Answer 63

This taxonomic level is the second most specific level

Question 64

Polymer

Answer 64

A large organic molecule made of multiple subunits called monomers

Question 65

Species

Answer 65

The most specific taxonomic level never capitalized

Question 66

Bacteria

Answer 66

This kingdom l is prokaryotic and consists of organisms like staphylococcus and streptococcus

Question 67

Dichotomous key

Answer 67

A tool that is used to help the user identify an item based on a series of YES and no questions