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Semester Test Flashcards

1
Q

The process of gathering information about events of process in a careful, orderly way

A

Observation

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2
Q

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

A

Golgi apparatus

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3
Q

The process of making RNA

A

Transcription

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4
Q

Two examples of codominance

A

Sickle cell and AB blood group

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5
Q

A reaction that is considered exothermic______ energy

A

Releases

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6
Q

Which type of symbiosis describes when one organism benefits, but the other is neither helped not harmed?

A

Commensalism

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7
Q

Attraction between two molecules of the same substances is referred to as ______ while attraction between molecules of different substances is

A

Cohesion

Adhesion

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8
Q

What describes an organism with a genotype of Bb?

A

Heterozygous

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9
Q

Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into energy an organism can use?

A

Mitochondria

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10
Q

What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set by breaking old bonds and forming new bonds?

A

Chemical reaction

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11
Q

Observations involve counting or measuring

A

Quantitative

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12
Q

The process of nuclear division

A

Mitosis

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13
Q

DNA _____ contains deoxyribose, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases.

A

Nucleotide

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14
Q

The repeating subunits that make up DNA are called

A

Nucleotides

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15
Q

In cellular respiration ___ occurs after glycolysis if there is no oxygen present

A

Fermentation

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16
Q

Occurs when Tumor cells break loose and enter the blood stream

A

Metastasis

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17
Q

The different forms of a gene are called

A

Alleles

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18
Q

The process of synthesizing RNA from DNA is called

A

Transcription

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19
Q

What is cause by a dominant allele and causes a breakdown of the brain beginning between 30-50 years of age?

A

Huntington’s disease

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20
Q

The basic unit of matter

A

Atom

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21
Q

Genes that have more than 2 alleles

A

Multiple alleles

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22
Q

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is the

A

Atomic mass

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23
Q

The logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience

A

Inference

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24
Q

A substance of only one atom type

A

Element

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25
When hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, water would be the __ and the hydrogen and oxygen would be the____
Product | Reactant
26
Any change in the DNA sequence s
Mutation
27
Each a set of 3 nitrogenous bases in an mRNA sequence
Codon
28
Which organelle makes proteins using instructions that come from the nucleus?
Ribosome
29
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and different number of
Neutrons
30
The process that uses energy from sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars and oxygen
Photosynthesis
31
During translation_____ uses the instruction to place amino acids in the correct order, eventually building proteins
tRNA
32
The structure of DNA strands is a
Double helix
33
During cell division, sister chromatids are connected to each other and the spindles by
Centromere
34
Large masses formed from uncontrolled cell division are called
Tumors
35
A person who may bleed to death from a small cut had what sex-linked disorder?
Hemophilia
36
Occurs when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material
Crossing-over
37
Factors that determine traits
Genes
38
Genetically identical copies
Clones
39
A useful device for predictions the probability of genetic variation in offspring of crosses between different genotype is the
Punnet square
40
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of __ concentration to an area of __ concentration
High | Low
41
A biological community and all the abiotic factors that affect it is called a
Ecosystem
42
3 examples of heterotrophs
Humans, lions, tigers
43
What is cased by the absence of an enzyme that converts the amino acid phenyl alone and may lead to mental retardation
PKU
44
Discovered that DNA is a double helix
Watson and Crick
45
Two structure only found in plant cells
Cell wall and Chloroplast
46
Which biome has the greatest amount of biodiversity?
Tropical rainforest
47
Which human activity is a major part of the carbon cycle
Fossil fuels
48
The relationship between a duck and the fog it is biting is called
Parasitism
49
What is a group of proteins that monitor a cell's progress during the cell cylcle
Cycling
50
What structure is found in the chloroplast that is green and assists in the process of photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll
51
The study of heredity
Genetics
52
The division of cytoplasm
Cytokinesis
53
Shows the Exact location of genes in a chromosome
Gene map
54
DNA is actually a set of instruction for producing
Proteins
55
The space surrounding the nucleus of an atom contains
Electrons
56
The principle of dominance states that a _____ is always expressed, while a ___ is only expressed when the other is not present
Dominant | Recessive
57
A ___ is a cross of one trait and a __ is a cross of 2 traits
Monohybrid | Dihybrid
58
What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started
Activation energy
59
Any compound that firms H+ ions in solution and had a pH of less than 7 is called
Acid
60
Occurs when both alleles are dominant and both appear separately
Codominance
61
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acids
62
Mitosis results in __ cells
2 diploid (2n)
63
What term describes a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
A compound
64
A virus that infects a bacteria is called a
Bacteriophage
65
Humans have how many chromosomes
46
66
The nucleus of an atom is made up of
Protons and neutrons
67
The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen
Cellular respiration
68
An ionic Bond is formed as a result
Transferring electrons
69
The process of cellular respiration produces __ ATP molecules
38
70
What combination of sex chromosomes represents a female?
XX
71
The process of putting together amino acids is called
Translation
72
Somatic cells are referred to as
Diploid or 2n
73
______ lets material out of a cell, while ____ takes material into the cell
Exocytosis | Endocytosis
74
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
75
Breakdown or digest material inside a cell
Lysosome
76
For material to be considered living( organic) the element_____ must be present
Carbon
77
The basic unit of life
Cell
78
During DNA replication, the DNA unzips, and free bases are attatched by the enzyme
DNA polymerase
79
Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another for that gene are called
Incomplete dominance
80
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
Osmosis
81
Convert energy from sunlight into chemical energy
Chloroplasts
82
The electron carrier in cellular respiration
NADH
83
A change in a single base pair on a gene is called
Point mutation
84
The spinning of ATP synthase forms
ATP
85
Cell growth and DNA replication take place during
Interphase
86
Carries protein-building instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome
mRNA
87
A cell's genetic material and DNA is contained in the
Nucleus
88
The act of in organism consuming another for food is called
Carnivorism
89
What principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits spreads independently without influencing each other's inheritance
Law of Segregation
90
What is caused by a defective protein in the plasma membrane resulting in the formation of a thick mucus on the lungs
Systic fibrosis
91
During transformations cell incorporates __ from another cell
DNA
92
Primary succession begins with the
Barock
93
Are controlled by several genes
Polygenic traits
94
The method by which a cell's cytoplasm divides is called
Cytokinesis
95
List 2 examples of decomposers
Fungi and bacteria
96
2 examples of biotic factors
Plants and animals
97
In which part of the water cycle does water change from a liquid to a gas,
Evaporation
98
What term describes a network of complex feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem
Food web
99
Down syndrome occurs when there is ____ at chromosome pair 21
Trisomy
100
Are genetically identical copies
Clones

Biology (8 decks)

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