Semi Finals Flashcards
(324 cards)
0
Q
Luminometer lacks in
A
Light source
1
Q
Chemiluminiscence is measured through
A
Luminometer
2
Q
In indirect IFA what is the composition of the reaction
A
Solid phase ab + ab from sample + fluoroscenated anti Ig
3
Q
Name 4 fluorochromes
A
Fluorescein thioisocyanate
Phycocyanin
Texas red
Tetramethyl rhodamine
5
Q
Adavantage of indirect IFA
A
Higher sensitivity
6
Q
In direct IFA, what viral agent that is positive for cell surface antigen
A
Chlamydia
8
Q
Disadvantage of indirect IFA
A
Queching (lowered flouroscence)
9
Q
EMIT stands for
A
Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique
11
Q
3 viruses being detected in Direct IFA
A
HSV, EBV, CMV
12
Q
It uses fluoroscent compound
A
Fluorescence immunoaasay
13
Q
Developed EMIT
A
Syva corporation
14
Q
This utilizes membrane bound cassetes
A
Rapid immunoassay
15
Q
Labels being used in fluorecence immunoassay
A
Fluorophores or fluorochromes
16
Q
Assay that Detects patient’s antibody
A
Capture assay
17
Q
Purpose of washing?
A
To remove unbound antibody
18
Q
Principle of pregnancy testing
A
Immunochromatography
19
Q
Instrument used in direct IFA
A
Cell flow cytometry
20
Q
A heterogenous enzyme immunoassay that is also known as Indirect ELISA
A
Non competitive heterogenous enzyme immunoassay
21
Q
Enzymes used in EIA
A
HPO, ALP, glucose oxidase
22
Q
It requires washing to remove unbound antibody
A
Heterogenous immunoassay
23
Q
Advantage of enzymes when being utillized in EIA
A
Highly stable
Extreme specifity
Cant be altered by inhibitors
24
Q
Immunassay that uses radioactive substances
A
Radioimmunoassay
25
Q
Most common enzyme used in EIA
A
HPO
26
Q
Type of immunoassay that reagents are simultaenously being added
A
Competitive immunoaasay
27
It uses enzymes as labels
Enzyme immunoassay
28
2 radioactive substances measured at the beta counter
14 carbon
| 3 hydrogen
29
Sandwhiched antigen by antibody
Capture assay
30
In vivo sensitization
DAT
31
Instrument used in radioimmunoassay
Scintillation counter
32
Used to check results in IAT
Check cells
33
It uses labels to detect serological reactions
Labelled immunoassay
34
2 radioactive substance that is measure at the gamma counter
131 Iodine
| 125 Iodine
37
Postive result in agglutination inhibition
No agglutination
38
Examples of DAT
HDN
HTR
AIHA
39
Type of immunoassay that competes for binding site
Competitive immunoaasay
40
The carrier in coagglutination
Bacteria
41
Requirement for IAT?
Incubation
42
In vitro sensitization
IAT
43
Region of HCG detected in pregnancy testing
Beta region
44
In reverse agglutination what is being detected
Antibody
45
Relationship in non competitive immunoassay
Direct proportional
46
AKA coombs test
Anti human globulin test
47
In coagglutination the FC binds to what part of S. Aureus
Protein A
48
It uses bacteria as the carrier
Coagglutination
49
Antigen are artificially attached to the carrier
Passive agglutination
50
What is being detected in passive agglutination
Antigens
51
Antigen are found naturally found on the surface of the particles
Direct agglutination
52
Widal test is used to detect what type of pathologic condition
Thypoid fever
53
Test performed to detect rickettsia infection
Weil felix
54
Numerous clumps
2+
55
Antibodies are attached to particulate carriers
Reverse agglutination
56
Other name of coombs cells
Check cells
57
It promotes the process of agglutination
Enchancement media
58
Used to ddetect mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Cold agglutination
59
Biggest Immunoglobulin
IgM
60
Uses of IAT?
Cross matching
Ab Identification
Ab screen
61
Principle of blood typing
Red cell hemeagglutination
62
One solid clump
4+
63
Provides positive ion
Albumin 5-30%
64
Questionable result in agglutination
1+
65
Negative result in agglutination inhibition
Agglutination
66
Used to serotype salmonella spp.
Kauffmanand white scheme
67
In agglutination reaction, antigen involved are
Particulate
68
Transplacental immunoglobulin
IgG
69
It destroys the sialic acid
Enzymes
70
It is the initial combination of antigen and antibody
Sensitization
71
Term used to describe the distance of RBC from one another
Zeta potential
74
Useful procedures for the identification of monoclonal gamopathy
Immunoelectrophoresis
75
It provides the negative charge of an RBC
Sialic acid
76
In agglutination reactions antibody involved are
Agglutinous
77
Positive result in immunofixation electrophoresis
Precipitin bonds
78
Invented immunoelectrophoresis
Gravar and williams
79
Compostition of immunofixation electrophoresis
Immunoprecipitation + electrophoresis
80
End result in rocket immunoelectrophoresis
Conical shaped precipitin line
81
Several large clump
3+
82
Absent canals in immunofixation electrophoresis
Through
83
Process where the formation of aggregates starts
Lattice phase
84
Double diffusion, double dimension is also known as
Ouchterlony technique
85
Used to quantitate immunoglobulins
Rocket electrophoreis
86
Used to speed things up in electrophoretic procedures
Electric current
87
Technique wherein both antibody and antigen are moving
Ouchterlony technique
88
This technique is a first generation test like in HbsAg testing
Ouchterlony testing
89
Other name of mancini method
End point diffusion
90
Technique ised to separate molecules using electrical current
Electrophoresis
91
Other name of Fahey and McKelvey method
Kinetic diffusion
92
Interpretation of a smooth curve in ouchterlony testing
Identity (complete)
93
Rocket electrophoresis is a combination of electrophoresis and
RID
94
Spur formation means
Partial identity
95
Cancer cells that invades the tissue
Malignant
96
Intersection formation means
No identity
97
In oudin test the antibody is incorporated in
Agarose gel
98
Square of diameter is proportion to the concentration of ag-ab reaction
Mancini method
99
The end result in radial immunodiffusion
Precipitin ring
100
Oudin test is AKA
Single diffusion single dimension technique
101
No electrical current is used
Passive immunodiffusion
102
Insturment utilized in turbidimetric measurements
Spectrophotometer
103
Measure light that is scattered in a particular angle
Nephelometry
104
The optimum ration between antigen and antibody is termed as
Zone of equivalence
105
End result in oudin test
Precipitin line
106
Relationship of both turbidimetry and nephelometry
Direct proportional
107
Instrument used in nephelometry
Nephelometer
108
Excess in prozone
Antibody
109
Antigen and antibody are placed on the well dorectly opposite to each other
Counter immunoelectrophoresis
110
Examples of tertiary immunological reaction
Phagocytosis
| Opsonizatio
111
Excess in postzone
Antigen
112
Removes water
PEG or dextran
113
Serum is stored in
Freezer
114
In precipitation reaction antigens involved are
Soluble
115
Result that is given in prozone and postzone conditions
False negative
116
Immunological reaction where it demonstrate antigen and antibody reaction
Secondary reactions
117
Immunological reaction where the combination of antigen and antibody complex is non visible
Primary immunological reaction
118
VDRL is used to detect
Syphilis
119
Chemical way of inactivating serum
Addition of choline chloride
120
Example of chemical inactivation of serum
Rapid plasma reagin
121
Used to detect unknown antigen using known antibody
Direct serological test or forward serological test
122
Red cell is stored in
Ref
123
Rapid plasma reagin is used to detect what kind of pathologic illness
Syphilis infection
124
Type of immunological reaction that is immunologically in vivo
Tertiary reaction
125
Setting for reinactivation of serum
56degrees celcius for 10mins
126
Test that involves antigen and antibody reaction
Serological test
127
Type of serologic test wherein known antigen is used to detect unknown antibody
Backward serological test or indirect serological test
128
Example of forward serological test
RC blood typing
129
Sugar present in Anti A antisera
N acetyl galactosamine
130
Sugar present in Anti B antisera
D galactose
131
Type of cancer treatment wherein antigen are given
Active
132
Capable of causing agglutination is what kind of immunoglobulin
IgM
133
Chemiluminiscence is composed of
Chemical reaction and luminal compound
134
Hormone present in pancreatic gastrinoma
Gastrin
135
Type of cancer treatment where antibody is given
Passive
136
Hormone present in carcinoma and trophoblastic tumors
HCG
137
Carbohydrate antigen present in ovarian cancer
CA-125
138
Hormone present in medullary thyroid cancer
Calciform
139
Enzyme present in neural tissue neoplas
NSE
140
Carbohydrate antigen present in breast cancer
CA 15-3
141
Enzyme present in prostate cancer
PSA
142
Cancer cells that doesnt invade the tissue
Benign
143
Protein present in thyroid carcinoma
Thyroglobulin
144
Study of antigen and antibody reaction
Serology
145
Cell surface marker in breast cancer
Estrogen
146
Cell surface marker in WBC neoplasm
Progesterone
147
Antigens present in cancer or tumor cells units
Tumor associated antigen
148
Immune system to eradicate cancer cells
Immunosurveilance
149
Cancer cells that affects the normal function of the tissue
Malignant
150
Phagocytic cells involved in imunnosurveilance
NK cells and T lymphocytes
151
3 mysteries of tumor
Tumor
Lymp node
Metastasis
152
Physical way of inactivating serum
56degree celcius for 30mins
153
Enzyme present in bone and liver damage
ALP
154
Example of bavkward serological test
Serum typing
156
Measures the reduction in light intensity due to relection, absorption or scatter
Turbidimetry
157
Causitive agent of thypoid fever
Salmonella spp.
160
Immunoglobulin present in multiple myeloma and lymphoid malignancies
IgG
208
Measures the diamter before the reaction is complete
Fahry and McKelvey method
209
Immune defense factor that is found on saliva and tears
Lysozymes
210
This are soluble factors that plays a role in defense mechanism of body
Humoral factors
211
A soluble factor that when activated it will result to cell lysis
Complement protein
212
Immune defense against intracellular organism
Phagocytosis
213
Immunity wherein bcells are the major defense
Humoral immunity
214
Immunity wherein Tcells are responsible for intracellular defense
Cell mediated
215
A bacterial way inhibiting the immune system involved in avoiding the antibody
Antigenic mutation
216
A virulent factor that gives the bacteria to block phagocytosis
Capsule
217
Common targets of bacteria in inhibiting the immune system response
Chemotaxins and opsonins
218
What is the target in inactivation of the complement cascade
C3b
219
Lancefiled group classification of S. pyogenes
Group A
220
This classification is based on the antigenic property of a bacteria
Lancefield group
221
This are gram positive cocci in chains and catalase negative that resembles Beta hemolysis
Streptococcus pyogenes
222
Susceptible in bacotracin
S. Pyogenes
223
Virulence factor of S. pyogenes that inhibits the c3b binding
M protein
224
The test that differentiates S. pneumoniae from the viridans group
Optochin
225
Exo antigen that destroys the DNA
Dnase
226
Exo antigen that destroys clot
Streptokinase
227
Exo antigen known to be the spreading factor
Hyaluronidase
228
The most significant exo antigen of S. pyogenes
Streptolysin O
229
Upper respiratory tract infection caused by S. pyogenes
Pharyngitis
230
Skin infection of S. pyogenes
Impetigo
231
Caused by erythrogenic toxin of group ABC streptococcus
Scarlet fever
232
Test for scarlet fever
Dicks test
233
2 damaging sequelae of S. pyogenes infection
ARF and PSG
234
Methods used to detect group A streptococcal antigen
```
Cell culture
EIA
Latex agglutination
BAP
PCR
```
235
Test to detect Rheumatoid arthritis
Rose waaler test
236
Most diagnostically important ab in Group A streptococall Antibody
ASO
Anti dnase b
Anti nadase
Anti hyaluronidase
237
Principle of ASO testing
Neutralization
238
Reciprocal of the highest dillution demostrating no hemolysis in ASO testing
Titer
239
Units used in ASO testing
Todd units
240
A highly specific test for Group A streptococcal sequalae
Anti DNAse B testing
241
A excellent screening tool for Group A streptococcal infection
Streptozyme testing
242
Type of agglutination in streptozyme testing?
Direct agglutination
243
A gram negative spiral bacteria
Helicobacter pylori
244
Causitive agent of gastric carcinoma
H. pylori
245
Causitive agent of ulcer
H. pylori
246
Causitive agen of gastric and duodenal ulcerations
H. pylori
247
Virulence factor of H. Pylori
CagA
| VacA
248
Methods used to detect the antigens produce by H. pylori
```
Cell culture
Endoscopy
Gastric biopsy
Urease biopsy test
PCR
```
249
Antibodies associated with H. pylori infection
IgG
IgM
IgA
250
Most common antibody detected in H. pylori infection
IgG
251
Class of Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Mollicutes
252
Leading cause of upper respiratory tract infection
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
253
Causitive agent of walking pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
254
AKA Eatons agent
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
255
A requirement for the successful cultivation of M. pneumoniae
Sterol
256
Appearance of M. pneumoniae in culture media
Fried egg
257
Methods in the Detection of M. pneumoniae Antigen
TSB with 0.5 albumin
SP4 medium
Viral transport medium
258
If a significant delay is expected in proccessing M. pneumonia suspected sample what temperature is required to store the sample
-70degrees celcius
259
Methods in detecting M. pneumoniae antibodies
Cold agglutinins
EIA
IFA
PCR, NA amplification
260
Blood group associated with cold agglutinins
I
261
A rapid method used to detect M. pneumoniae antibodies
Nucleic Acid amplification
262
Antibodies demonstrated in microbial dx that are manifested by high fever
Febrile Antigens
263
Antigens used in detecting tularensis
Brucella
264
Causitive agent of thypoid fever
Salmonella typhi
265
MOT of Salmonella thyphi
Oral fecal route
266
Scattered Thypoid fever during the middle ages
Thypoid Mary
267
Thermolabile antigens of salmonella
```
H antigen (flagella)
K antigen (capsule)
```
268
Thermostable antigen of Salmonella
O antigen (somatic)
269
Lab methods in detecting Salmonella infection
Culture medthod
Widal test
Thypidot
270
Standard method in detecting thypoid fever
Culture method
271
A test in salmonella infection wherein IgM and Igzg are detected
Thypidot
272
A direct agglutination test used to detect salmonella antigens
Widal test
273
Habitat of salmonella during the first week
Gall bladder
274
Habitat of salmonella during the 2nd and 3rd week
Urinary bladder
275
Habitat of salmonella during the fourth week
Instestine
276
Immunoglobulin present in recent infection of salmonella
IgM
277
Immunoglobulin that indicates past infections with salmonella
IgG
278
Specimen of choice during the 1st week of infection of salmonella
Blood
279
Specimen of choice during the 2nd and 3rd week of infection of salmonella
Urine
280
Specimen of choice during the fourth week of salmonella infection
Stool
281
A gram negative coccobacilli
Rickettsia
282
The 2 distinct groups of rickettsia
Spotted Fever Group
| Thypus group
283
Obligate intracellular parasites and a gram negative coccobacilli
Rickettsia
284
Anthropods that are associated in rickettsial infection
Ticks
Mice
Lice
Flies
285
The only rickettsia specie that is true human pathogen
R. prowazeki
286
Causitive agent of epidemic typhus
R. prowazeki
287
Sensitive serologic test used in rickketsial infection
IFA
IBA
Micro IF
288
Gold standard serological test in rickketsial infection
Micro IF
289
Causitive agent of scrubs
R. tsutsugamuchi
290
Caustive agent of Q fever
Coxiella burnetii
291
Causitive agent of rickketsialpox
R. akari
292
Causitive agent of bullseye rash
B. burgdorferi
293
B. Burgdorferi is trasmitted via what anthropad
Ticks (ixodes)
294
1st case of lyme disease was seen in
Lyme connecticut USA
295
Laboratory diagnosis for lyme disease infection
IFA
EIA
Western blot
PCR
296
Confirmatory test for lyme disease
Western blot
297
Causitive agent of leptospirosis
L. interrogans
298
Infection stage of leptospirosis characterized by fever and headache
Septisemic stage
299
Infection stage of leptospirosis characterized by jaundice
Immunological stage
300
Lab diagnosis for leptospirosis
Culture method
Microscopy
Serologic test
301
Causitive agent of syphilis
T. pallidum subsp. pallidum
302
Spanish colonizer that is responsible for the transmission of syphilis worldwide
Christopher colombus
303
Caustive agent of yaws
T. pallidum subsp. pertenue
304
Causitive agent of bejel
T. pallidum subsp endemicum
305
Causitive agent of pinta
T. Carateum
306
Trepnema species are being differentiated by their
Epidemiological and clinical manifestation
307
Stains used in treponema spp.
Giemsa stain
| Gram stain
308
Virulence factor of Treponema spp that delays immune response
Treponemal rare outer membrane protein (TROMP)
309
Microscope thst is used to visualize treponema spp
Dark field
| Fluorescence microscope
310
MOT of treponema spp
Sexual intercourse
Parenteral exposure
Congrnital infections
311
Stage of syphilis characterized by the apperance of hard chancre
Primary syphilis
312
In primary syphilis, under the dark field microscopy whatis the characteristic of the organism is expected to be visualized
Coiled organism with corkscrew motility
313
Is antibody present in primary syphilis?
No
314
Specimen of choice in primary syphilis
Fluid from lesions
315
Stage of syphilis that is characterized by localized infection
Primary syphilis
316
Stage of syphilis characterized by generalized lesions
Secondary syphilis
317
Laboratory diagnos of secondary syphilis
Dark field microscopy
Serologic test
Fluorscence Microscopy
318
Systemic infection is under what category of syphilis according to its stages
Secondary
319
Stage of syphilis that is characterized by mucocutaneous and generalized
Secondary syphilis
320
The appearance of condylomata lata is under what stage of syphilis
Secondary syphilis
321
Stage of syphilis generally after the 2nd year of infection
Latent syphilis
322
Characteristic of an idividual with latent syphilis
Asymptomatic
323
Latent syphilis can only be detected through
Serological test
324
Non infectious stageof syphilis
Latent syphilis
325
Sample of choice in latent syphilis
Serum
326
Stage of syphilis that is characterized by the presence of destrucitve lesions
Tertiary stage
327
This are destructive lesions seen in tertiary syphilis
Gummas
328
This are the non infectious stage of syphilis
Latent syphilis
| Tertiary syphilis
329
3 clinical manifestation of tertiary syphilis
Gomatous
Cardiovascular
Neuromuscular
330
A asymptomatic clinical manifestation of syphilis wherein CNS is involved
Neurosyphilis
331
Specimen of choice in neurosyphilis
CSF
332
A clinical manifestation of syphilis caused by maternal spirocherria and transplacental transmission of microorganisms
Congenital syphilis
333
Composition of the hutchinsonian triad in congenital syphilis
Hutchinsons teeth
Interstitial keratitis
Nerver deafness
334
The condition wherein there is a deformity of the palate and collapse of nasal bone
Saddle nose deformity
335
A non treponemal antigen thatis nested from damaged cells its source is cows heart
Cardiolipin
336
3 main lab diagnosis of syphilis infection
Direct detetction of spirochetes
Non treponemal serological test
Treponemal serological test
337
A non specific test used to diagnose treponemal spp.
Non treponemal serological test
338
A specific derological test utilized to detect treponemal spp.
Treponemal serological test
339
A non treponemal diagnostic marker in syphilis infection
Reagin antibodies
340
This are very fine particles
Floculation
341
It is between agglutination and particulation
Floculation
342
Specimen used in VDRL
Heated Serum and CSF
343
In VDRL results are read
Microscropically
344
Reagents used in VDRL
cardiolipin
Lecitin
Cholesterol
345
The main reagent used to detect reagin
Cardiolipin
346
Reagent in VDRL that neutralizes the anti complementry property of cardiolipin
Lecithin
347
Reagent in VDRL that provides adsorption centers to increase reacting surface
Cholesterol
348
Setting for the rotator in VDRL serum
180rpm for 4mins
| 180rpm for 8mins
349
Ring diameter of serum VDRL
14mm
350
Ring diameter of CSF VDRL
16mm
351
Depth of CSF VDRL
1.75mm
352
What is absent in CSF that makes it passive for heating procedure
Complementary protein
353
Gauge used in qualitative serum
18 gauge
354
Gauge used in quantitative serum
19 gauge
355
Gauge used in CSF VDRL
21 or 22 gauge
356
Type of syringe used to deliver specimen of syphilis
Hamilton syringe
357
In VDRL reporting how will you interpret no clumps
Non reactive
358
In VDRL reporting how will you interpret small clumps
Weakly reactive
359
In VDRL reporting how will you interpret medium to large clump
Reactive
360
Condition wherein it will give a false positive results in VDRL
```
SLE
RF
IM
malaria
Pregnancy
```
361
What will be reported in VDRL testing
Last reactive
362
It is used to confirmed VDRL test results
Treponemal test
363
A test for syphilis infection wherein it uses unheated serum
Rapid plasma reagin
364
In RPR fhe result is read
Macroscopically
365
Reagent for RPR
Colorless alcoholic solution containing cardiolipin, lecithin, charcoal, choline chloride, thimerosal
366
Reagent in RPR that allow for easier visualization
Charcoal
367
Reagent in RPR that is utilized as a preservative
Thimerosal
368
Rotator setting in RPR
100rpm for 8mins
369
Ring diameter in RPR
18mm
370
Antigen delivery needle gauge
20gauge 60drops/mL
371
Used to detect treponemal antibodies and uses true treponemal antigens
Treponemal serological test
372
The non pathogenic source of treponemal spp.
Reiter strain
373
The pathogenic source of treponema spp.
Nichols strain
374
Principle of FTA-ABS
IF immunoaasay
375
The reagent antigen in FTA ABS
Nichols strain dried and fixed on slide
376
What removes the cross reactivity between other treponemes like reiter treponeme that is used in FTA ABS
Absorbent
377
The test of choice in FTA ABS
Dark field microscopy
378
The principle of this test is the antibody that is produced against T. pallidum plus Complement protein can immobilize live treponemes
T. pallidum immobilization test
379
Reagent antigen used in TPI test
Live actively motile T. pallidum organisms
380
Positive result in TPI testing
>50% immobilized treponemes
