Seminar 24: Animal circulation Flashcards
(39 cards)
what are the 3 func of the animal circulatory system?
- Transport of substances (O2, CO2, waste, signalling molecules, nutrients)
- Thermal regulation
- Transmission of force
what are the COMPONENTS REQ IN THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM OF ANIMALS? (4)
- muscular pump
- Specialised gas exchange organ (large animals)
- Circulating fluid
- System of tubular vessels that form a circuit
func of muscular pump in circulatory system
provides the force to drive the flow of circulating fluid that moves through a system of open ended or closed tubular veins
func of specialised gas exchange organ in circulatory system
to meet demands of O2 in & CO2 out
func of circulatory fluid in circulatory system
carry the substances to be transported
func of system of tubular vessels that form a circuit in circulatory system
for fluid to circulate
how is diffusion distance minimised in by the circulatory system? (2)
- highly branched
- Achieved by having smaller & finer vessels so that its close enough to ALL cells in the animal body
desc an open circulatory system (2)
- circulating fluid empties out into the body cavity, passes through tissues b/w cells before flowing back to the heart or vessel
- Fluid in circulatory = fluid in body cavity “Hemolymph”
desc closed circulatory system (3)
- fluid is contained w/in network of vessels
- Fluid is separate from interstitial fluid
- Fluid = “blood plasma”
desc the diff b/w open & closed circulatory systems (4)
CLOSED:
- Fluid can flow more rapidly
- allows for faster metabolism as greater diffusion gradients can be maintained
- Control of flow, direct flow to where it is needed
- Specialised content, retain cells/large molecules
OPP FOR OPEN SYSTEM
what are the 3 circuits of the mammalian heart?
- coronary
- pulmonary
- systemic
coronary provides blood to the ___
HEART
pulmonary provides blood to the ____
LUNGS
desc the pulmonary circuit
Enters right atrium > ventricle > pulmonary artery via pulmonary circuit > lungs
systemic provides blood to the ____ ____
ENTIRE BODY
desc systemic circuit
Left atrium (via pulmonary vein) > ventricle > aorta > entire body
func of arteries
take blood from heart > rest of body
desc struc of arteries (2)
- thick
- more elastic walls to handle high bp
arterioles are …
a branch of artery that leads to capillaries
func of arterioles (2)
- regulate bp & blood flow
- control how much blood enters capillaries
capillaries go ___ into muscles
DEEP
func of capillaries (2)
- provide all cells in body w/ O2 & nutrients
- remove waste prod
venules receive blood from ____ & transport it to the ___
CAPILLARIES, VEINS
func of venules (2)
- regulate blood flow by contracting & expanding
- this influences rate of flow back to heart
