Seminar Unit 9 Flashcards
socializovat se
socialising with friends
vydělávat mnoho peněz
earning lots of money
dobrovolničit
working as a volunteer
být součástí šťastné rodiny
being part of a loving family
najít pravou lásku
finding your true love
pořádně odpočívat
getting enough rest
achieve
an aim, succes, an objective, an ambition
carry out
instruction, order, a test, threat, research, improvement
devote
energy, one’s life, time
spent
you want to do the activity
pass
you want the time pass faster
make
impact, change, impression
cause
accident,
have
yccident, impression, effect, impact
Must
means ‘from the evidence, I am sure this is true
sure/logically certain
Example: This phone bill must be incorrect; I never make any international calls
Can’t
is used to say say that logically something is impossible
sure/logically certain not to happen
Example: This bill can’t be right; I never made any international phone calls.
Disbelief
You can’t be hungry - you’ve just had dinner! (strong disbelief)
You couldn’t be hungry - you’ve just had dinner! (softer)
They couldn’t be asking for me - no one knows I live here.
Can
means theoretical or general probability
Example: It’s very warm outside now, but it can be very cool when you’re in the shade.
You can easily get lost in this town. (= People often get lost in this town.)
the difference in meaning between can and may/might/could
That dog can be dangerous.
(= Sometimes that dog is dangerous. I know.)
That dog may/might/could be dangerous.
(= Perhaps that dog is dangerous. I don’t know.)
Could, Might, May
expresses present/future probability.
probable, but not sure
Examples:
Of course, she could be wrong.
She may (not) be at her desk right now.
We might (not) come to class tomorrow.
Remember
To express possibility, you cannot use the negative form of could. (Instead, use may not or might not). I might/may not have her new phone number.
The different degrees of probability expressed by modal verbs can be summarised like this:
Must have
used for making logical assumptions about the past
Examples: They hadn’t eaten all day. They must have been hungry.
You look happy. You must have heard the good news.
Can’t have or couldn’t have
to say that a past event was impossible, uncertain
Examples:
They know the way here. They can’t have got lost! (near past)
If Jones was at work until six, he couldn’t have done the murder. (past, doubt) He couldn’t have taken it by mistake, could he?
May have, Might have, Could have
to express possibility about the past, make guesses about the past
Examples:
I haven’t received your letter. It may have got lost in the post.
It’s ten o’clock. They might have arrived by now.
Where are they? They could have got lost.
