Senior Final Flashcards
(180 cards)
1
Q
Where/how do sarcomas met
A
Hematogenous, lungs
2
Q
Risk factor for squam
A
UV
3
Q
Risk factor for dog papiloma
A
Viral
4
Q
Risk factor for nasal tumors
A
Environment
5
Q
Most common mechanism of resistance to Chemo
A
MDR1 (pglycoprotein)
6
Q
Name three cancers with hypercalcemia as a PNS
A
LSA, multiple myeloma, AGASACA
7
Q
how do carcinomas met
A
Lymphatics
8
Q
Main mech of hypercalcemia
A
PTHRP (makes fake PTH)
9
Q
What tumor cuases myesthenia gravis
A
Thymoma
10
Q
What tumors cause hypoglycemia
A
Insuinoma, LSA, liver tumors
11
Q
What chemo is a vesicant
A
Doxo and vincas
12
Q
What chemo causes sterile hemorrhagic cystitis
A
cyclophosphamide
13
Q
What chemo causes cardiac toxicity
A
Doxo
14
Q
What does CHOP stand for
A
Cyclophosphamide, doHxo, vincristineO, pred
15
Q
What drug has good brain penetration
A
Pred, CCNU, cytosar
16
Q
What do we treat with carboplatin
A
OSA (think carbon/Ca - bone)
17
Q
What do we treat with mitoxantrone
A
TCC
18
Q
Tx small cell LSA in cats
A
Pred and chlorambucil
19
Q
Acute radiation SE
A
moist desquamation, KCS, mucositis
20
Q
Late radiation SE
A
hair loss, osteonecrosis, radiation induced tumor
21
Q
Most common dog nasal tumor
A
Carcinoma
22
Q
Most common cat nasal tumor
A
LSA
23
Q
Type/Tx nasal planum tumor in cat
A
Squam - radiation, sx, strontium radiation
24
Q
Three dog oral tumors
A
Melanoma, squam, fibrosarc
25
Most common oral tumor in cats
SQUAMx3
26
Four locations of melanoma
mouth, skin, nail bed, eye (cat)
27
Name three markers of proliferation
Mitotic index, AgNOR, Ki67
28
STS grading factors
Differentiation, presence of necrosis, number of mitotic figures
29
What cancers are NSAIDs effective in and why
Inflammatory cells inducing angiogenesis in Carcinomas
30
Mediastinal lymphoma characteristics
T cel, hypercalcemia PNS, FeLV cats
31
Viral induced cancers in dogs
Papilloma, TVT
32
2 tumors in dogs that spontaneously regress
Histiocytoma, papilloma
33
What is another name for cutaneous lymphoma
Mycosis fungoides
34
Tx mycosis fungoides
CCNU
35
Most common digital tumors
melanoma, fibrosarc, squam (same as oral!)
36
How do CKit Inhibitors work
Attached to growth receptor, Phosphorylate into cell then turn off growth
37
Surg onc- ask what in what order
What is it, where is it (stage), how bad is it (grade)
38
Best predictor of bio beh'r- melanoma
histo grade (MI) > location
39
Dx multiple myeloma
bone lesions (swiss cheese), monoclonal gammopathy, bence jones proteinuria, bone marrow infiltration leading to leukopenias
40
SE of M.Myeloma
hyperviscosity
41
Tx M.Myeloma
Melphalan
42
Predict MCT beh'r on
grade (MI)
43
Pxf of MCT
Size, location, ulceration, stage, recurrence (NOT number of lesions)
44
Met locations- MCT
LN, liver, spleen (NOT LUNGS)
45
Most important staging of MCT dog
Regional LN FNA
46
Indication for MCT chemo
high grade, any mets
47
Tx MCT
palladia, CCNU, pred, vinblastine
48
Beh'r of vax-assoc STS
locally aggressive, no met
49
Sx rec for Vax STS
5 cm margin, 2 fascial planes
50
More aggressive STS's
hemangio, histiocytic sarc in SQ
51
Tx STS
Sx with adjuvant radiation
52
Mskel dog cancers
OSA, chondro, fibro, histiocytic, hemangio
53
2 most common rib tumors
OSA, chondrosarc
54
Px OSA w/ Sx alone/ w/chemo
6 mo/ 12 mo
55
Name 2 joint tumors
histiocytic and synovial cell
56
Chemo for OSA
Carboplatin +/- doxo
57
Histiocytic breeds
Bernese, rottie, flat coat
58
Histiocytic sarc location
joint, can go anywhere
59
Where to ink sx
peripheral and deep margin to mark cut edges
60
Where to ink sx
peripheral and deep margin to mark cut edges
61
What types of LSA are mostly T cell
Alimentary/mediastinal/cutaneous
62
What type of T cell is epitheliotropic
CD8+
63
Breed-associated LSA cell type: goldens and boxers
Golden 1:1 B/T; Boxer 85% T
64
What does Flow cytometry tell
B vs T
65
What does PARR tell
Clonality
66
LSA stages 1-5 and substages
1- 1 loc'n 2- regional LN 3- generalized LN'y 4- liver/spleen 5- blood/other organs ; Sub stage: sick or not
67
LSA histo dx based on
morphology and LN architecture, immunophenotype
68
Most prevalent form of K9 LSA
high grade multicentric
69
K9 MC-LSA Pxf
location, stage/sub, grade, hypercalc, TvB, pretx w/steroids, PNS's
70
Px: K9 MC-LSA
1m no tx, 1-3 w/pred, 1-chemo 6-7; CHOP-B 12-24m, CHOP-T 6-9
71
Desc indolent LSA
develops slow with lymph-hyperplasia, can be B or T, low mitotic rate, less likely to die
72
When is rescue therapy used in LSA, what is used
relapse after complete remission; LOPP (lomustine, vincrist, procarb, pred)
73
Tx acute and chronic leukemia K9
acute- aggressive chemo; chronic: chlorambucil and pred
74
Determine type of leukemiia
Flow cytometry to diff't lymphoid (more common) v myeloid
75
Feline LSA grades
only high or low
76
LSA lineage of viral induced types
FelV- T FIV- B
77
Feline alimentary LSA types- lineage
Small: T, Large: B
78
Tx fel small cell LSA
novel protein, pred, chlorambucil
79
Tx fel high grade large cell LSA
CHOP
80
Tx/Px mediastinal Fel LSA
CHOP/radiation
| Young/felv+/T= poor Px, young/neg: 9mo
81
Feline nodal LSA type
T-cell rich B-cell LSA
82
Most commmon extranodal fel LSA location
Nasal, good pX (2nd most is renal- poor Px, CNS spread)
83
Most common lung tomor
Mets (most common primary is Carcinoma)
84
Locations of primary lung tumors by type
Epithelial (SCC): hilar; parenchymal: peripherally
85
What are the majority of K9 primary lung tumors
bronchoalveolar (rest are adenocarc, SCC)
86
Spread of primary lung tumor
Intravasc, airway, lymph
87
Met locations for lung tumors
bone, brain, lung; cats: digit
88
What is TTF
Thryoid transcription factor which can be expressed in primary epthelil tumors
89
Most likely locations of primary lung tumors
right, caudal
90
Stage lung tuomrs
TNM (T1 solitary, T2 multiple T3 invading local tissue)
91
Tx primary lung tumor
Neoadj cisplatin or doxo, then sx
92
Pxf for primary lung tumors
Size, location, CS, LN, grade, Differentiation, mets
93
Cat Pxf primary lung tumors
Histo grade
94
Cat breed for primary lung tumors
Persian
95
What are most fel primary lung tumors
Adenocarcinoma
96
What causes OSA
malignant osteoblasts
97
OSA K9 signalment
lg/giant, bimodal age
98
OSA Met location
lung, bone, LN
99
When can limb spare be done
Distal radius, <50% length
100
Chemo for OSA met
Carboplatin (then doxo)
101
Pxf K9 OSA
age, tumor size/location, tumor necrosis, ALP evelvation, LN met, gros met
102
Origin of mast cells
BM from CD34 stem
103
What are CKit mutations
altered expression causes loss of normal cell cycle/growth
104
MCT breeds
Brachy, middle age/older
105
Where do MCT met
local LN
106
T/F size predicts met of MCT
F
107
Dx MCT
FNA
108
Stage MCT
Sample local LN, if neg- no met; if +, full staging
109
What cells are often seen in MCT
Eos
110
Besides usual, what indluced in MCT staging
AUS of LN/Spleen/Liver
111
2 most important Pxf for MCT
Histo grade, MI
112
MCT Grade system
Patnaik: low 1- local inv, inter 2- low/high, high 3- met, recurrence after Sx only (Kiupel - lo/hi)
113
MCT Px and grade
Grade 2 w/ MI <5 - 70m; MI >5- 5months
114
MCT neg Px factors
high grade, MI >5, stage, size >3cm, location (nail/anal/mm/muzzle/ears), fast growth, recurrence, NOT NUMBER
115
Sx rec for MCT
2-3cm and 1 FP
116
MCT Post-op Tx guidelines
No tx for 1-2 w/clean margins, chemo for 3/clean, sx/rt/chemo for 3/dirty
117
MCT Chemo- when?
No sx, high met risk
118
MCT Chemo options
Pred (high but short resp); vinb+pred; CCNU oral
119
Why cant Pred be given before MCT sx
Will change histo grade of tumor
120
When is palladia used in MCT
when tumor too large to be cut or lots of mets
121
Px of MCT
cure low grade with sx, gr 3 w/sx- 6m, low w/ spread with sx/rad/chem- 3-4y
122
Forms of cat MCT
Cutaneous > visceral (much worse)
123
Primary lung Pxf
CS, met, size, effusion, grade/histo appearance
124
2 common mediastinal masses; how to diff'ate
Thymoma, LSA (FNA)
125
Most common HSA location
Spleen
126
Malignancy chance in non-bleeding HSA
50/50 (double 2/3 in bleeding)
127
Chemo for HSA
Doxorubicin
128
How is dermal HSA diff
Solar-induced, better Px
129
Px of HSA
Bleeding
130
HSA Px post-sx w/chemo
3-12m (stage 3-1)
131
Most comm dog primary liver
hepatocellular
132
Most common cat primary liver
biliary cyst adenoma
133
Px of dog/cat hepatic with sx resection
Good, >2y
134
3 most common dog intestinal tumors
adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, GIST/leiomyo
135
What intestinal tumor has low chance of spread/good px with sx alone
Leiomyo
136
What LSA requires bx
Cat small cell
137
Dx of PTH tumor
Ca panel- high PTH (PTHrp will be high in others)
138
PTH tumors ben/malig usually? What kind?
Benign adenoma
139
Determine Tx of thyroid tumor
If it moves, cut it, if its large radiate
140
Are cat thyroid tumors ben/malig?
Malig and productive
141
Px factors mammary
met, ER+/- (neg worse), ugly histo, inflammatory bad NOT NUMBER OF TUMORS
142
Malignancy of mammary tumors- dogs and cats
Dogs 50/50, cats 90% malig
143
TVT transmisson
Direct contact
144
Tx TVT, Px?
Vinc, great Px
145
2 common bladder tumors
TCC and polyp
146
Tx TCC
Piroxicam and mitoxantrone
147
Px TCC w/NSAID and w/ NSAID+mitox
4-6; 8-12
148
What perianal mass is hormone dependant
adenomas
149
Who gets perianal masses
Intact males
150
Where does agasaca spread
LN, Lung +/- spine
151
Most important staging of AGASACA
Regional LN via US
152
PNS of AGASACA
Hypercalcemia
153
Chemo for MCT
PCV= pred, CCNU, vinb
154
Chemo Tx for OSA
Carboplatin +/- doxo
155
Chemo Tx for TCC
mitoxantrone + piroxicam
156
Chemo Tx for histiocytic
CCNU
157
Chemo Tx for for cat MCT
CCNU
158
Chemo Tx for cat mammary
doxo +cyclophosphamide
159
Sx dose- intraseional
reducing, leave behind gross
160
Sx dose- margina
leaving micro, intent palliative
161
Sx dose- wide
2-3 cm +FP
162
STS outcome determined by
Margins and grade
163
HSA breeds
Visc: GSD, lab, golden' skin: pibble/whippet
164
HSA staging
Bleeding/mets 1-3
165
Chemo Tx for mammary
NONE proven, try dox
166
Tx inflammatory mammary
palliative radiation and piroxicam
167
TCC breeds
Sheltie, scottie, beagle
168
Which cancer should you treat with neoadjuvant chemo before surgery
Primary lung and intestinal
169
Dog GI tumor- most common
LI adenocarcinoma
170
Cat GI tumor most common
SI low grade small cell LSA
171
Which fel thyroid tumor is more infiltrative
Carcinomas
172
Cat with plantigrade "boneless" appearance- what cancer, why
Adrenal, hypoK
173
Which mammary tumors are ER-
poorly diff'd carcinomas, mesenchymal
174
SCC oral locations- cat
mandible, tongue
175
Oral SCC cattx
If tongue: radiation/chemo Sx: if mandible (high morbid)
176
Most impt Pxf- oral melanoma
MI
177
Signalment- canine oral melanoma
older, small breed, male
178
Two cancers tx with piroxicam
ass and bladder (mitox)
179
Most common cause of hypercalcemia in cats
idiopathic
180
What CS does hyperCa cause and why
PU/PD - Ca binds ADH
