Senior Midterm

Question 1

What is the cumulative screw depth to sacral width in SH fractures/separations

Answer 1

> 60%- two are stronger than a single of some or larger diameter, no significant strength given by adjunctive pin

Question 2

Describe oral blood supply

Answer 2

Hard palate- major palatine; soft palate- minor palatine; face- infraorbital

Question 3

Difference between Type I and II HH

Answer 3

I- sliding (cardia into diaphragm), II- paraesophageal (fundus in diaphragm)

Question 4

Most common HH type, breed predelection

Answer 4

Type I (sharpeis)

Question 5

How do you access esophageal FB at cardia

Answer 5

R side approach, 5th IC

Question 6

Approach for esoph without need for ventilator

Answer 6

Cervical-ventral midline

Question 7

Anterior and posterior thoracic approach- esophagus

Answer 7

Anterior 4th IC, posterior 9th IC

Question 8

Ddx cricopharyngeal achalasia

Answer 8

rabies, megaesophagus, PRAA

Question 9

Approach cat PRAA

Answer 9

L- 4th IC

Question 10

What evidence will show perforation of the esoph

Answer 10

Air in mediastinum- NPO 3-5 d

Question 11

Describe rad finding of vascular ring anomaly

Answer 11

obstruction and dye pooling cranial to heart

Question 12

Describe diaphyseal femoral fracture approach

Answer 12

Lateral approach- incise fascia lata cranial to biceps femoris, extend cranially to tensor fasciae lata, retract vastus lateralis and biceps

Question 13

Which landmark in the femur can help orient rotational alignment

Answer 13

Insertion of Adductor magnus (below biceps)

Question 14

Diaphys femur Fx- pin placement

Answer 14

Normograde (craniolateral aspect of trochanteric fossa)

Question 15

When is limb shortening not an issue for distal femoral fractures

Answer 15

> 4m

Question 16

Which Fx should you consider pathologic a ddx

Answer 16

diaphyseal humeral

Question 17

Tx calcaneal fx

Answer 17

Plate

Question 18

Repair dicondylar humeral fracture

Answer 18

triceps tenotomy > olecranon osteotomy (last resort) lag condyle, bilateral plate

Question 19

What should unicondylar humeral fx have on ddx

Answer 19

IOHC- incompletely ossified humeral condyle

Question 20

Fixation: R/U diaphyseal

Answer 20

Type Ib ex fix, cranio lateral and cranio medial

Question 21

Best radial fixation

Answer 21

Plate- NEVER IM pin

Question 22

Where should you intubate in jaw fx

Answer 22

cranial to hyoid apparatus

Question 23

Which way does stomach move in GDV

Answer 23

Pylorus moves ventral and left

Question 24

Best approach to gastropexy

Answer 24

incisional

Question 25

What suture pattern should be used in enterotomy with pre-existing sepsis/malnutrition

Answer 25

Cushing/connell

Question 26

Where to linear FBs cut

Answer 26

Mesenteric side- where blood is

Question 27

Most common osteomyelitis pathogen

Answer 27

Staph

Question 28

What test and result does excessive pronation show

Answer 28

Campbells test- medial instability

Question 29

Increased ADduction in extended stifle

Answer 29

Lateral collateral ligament instability

Question 30

Positive drawer in flex but not extend

Answer 30

partial ccl tear (craniomedial CCL band)

Question 31

Better Sx hip candidate

Answer 31

Ortolani with low abduction angle

Question 32

What hip lux is most common

Answer 32

Craniodorsal

Question 33

Thumb test result- luxed

Answer 33

thumb remains in hip notch

Question 34

DJD synovial fluid cell

Answer 34

Mononuclear

Question 35

What kind of process is DJD

Answer 35

Secondary

Question 36

Which omegas in DJD

Answer 36

Low 6:3 ratio (high omega 3s)

Question 37

Pelvic diaphragm limits

Answer 37

Medial boundary- external anal sphincter; medial mm: levator ani; lateral mm: coccygeus; ventral: internal obturator

Question 38

Most common cat splenic tumor

Answer 38

MCT

Question 39

What supplies blood to liver

Answer 39

70% from portal vein

Question 40

Stellate "kiwi" sign on US

Answer 40

Mucocele

Question 41

Size recommendation for local flaps

Answer 41

L:W <1.5x

Question 42

Three classifications of flaps

Answer 42

blood supply (vasc/non), location (local/distant), composition (cutaneous, composite)

Question 43

What type and specific flap should be used to cover hind legs (and to what extent)

Answer 43

Caudal epigastric axial pattern flap (mid tibia dog 4 glands, hock cat 3 glands)

Question 44

What type and specific flap should be used to cover shoulder, axilla, cranial thorax

Answer 44

Thoracodorsal flap (to mid ante- dog; carpus- cat)

Question 45

Anatomic landmarks of thoracodorsal flap

Answer 45

Dorsal: midline to lateri dolente; Cr/Ca: scap spine, scap border; ventral: acromion

Question 46

Type of graft with higher survival rate

Answer 46

partial thickness

Question 47

Graft stages

Answer 47

2d: cyanotic- plasmatic imbibition; 3d: pink- inosculation; 5d: pink/red- revascularization

Question 48

Post-free graft care

Answer 48

2 weeks immobilized, bulky bandage chg 3-5d,

Question 49

Describe steps and timing of proliferation phase

Answer 49

~3-5d- fibroplasia, 4-6 angiogenesis (=granulation), 6-14d conrtraction, then epithelialization

Question 50

Function of maturation process

Answer 50

Collagen III --> I; scar 80% at 3m

Question 51

When is callus seen on rads

Answer 51

2-4w

Question 52

Fracture description

Answer 52

open/closed, configuration, location, bone, displacement (distal relative to proximal)

Question 53

Tension causes what type of Fx and where

Answer 53

Avulsion at aponeuroses

Question 54

What force causes oblique

Answer 54

compression and/or bending

Question 55

What causes lateral condylar fractures

Answer 55

Shear (eccentric loading)

Question 56

Bending can cause what Fx

Answer 56

Greenstick and transverse

Question 57

SH fractures go throgh what area of bone

Answer 57

Zone of hypertrophy (reserve zone)

Question 58

Open Fx classification

Answer 58

I: <1cm laceration; II: >1cm, min trauma, IIIa: coverage available, IIIb: extensive ST loss, IIIc: arterial supply

Question 59

90% canine thyroid tumors

Answer 59

Adenocarc, euthyroid