Sensation (3)

Question 1

How many neurons does it take to transmit information to sensory cortex?

Answer 1

3 neuronal chain

Question 2

1st order neuron

Answer 2

periphery
associated with receptor
cell body in DRG
central process enters spinal cord

Question 3

Where does 1st order neuron synapse with 2nd order neuron?

Answer 3

in spinal cord

Question 4

Where is the 3rd cell body located?

Answer 4

thalamus

Question 5

Where does the 3rd order neuron project?

Answer 5

to cortex

Question 6

What are cells that transduce “environmental interaction” to produce an AP?

Answer 6

receptors

Question 7

Which receptors respond to DOMS (lactic acid accumulation)?

Answer 7

chemoreceptors

Question 8

Which receptors respond to pressure/touch?

Answer 8

mechanoreceptors (mechanical deformation)

Question 9

Which receptors respond to taste?

Answer 9

chemoreceptors

Question 10

What rate do free nerve endings adapt?

Answer 10

slowly adapting

TONIC input

Question 11

What rate do ruffini endings adapt?

Answer 11

slowly adapting

Question 12

Which receptors are non-encapsulated?

Answer 12

Free nerve endings, ruffini endings, merkels disks, hair endings

Question 13

What rate do Merkel’s disks adapt?

Answer 13

rapidly adapting

Question 14

Which receptors are most receptive to fine touch and velocity of touch?

Answer 14

Merkel’s disks

Question 15

MOST rapidly adapting receptor type?

Answer 15

pacinian corpuscles

Question 16

Which receptor can detect vibration?

Answer 16

pacinian corpuscles

Question 17

What rate do hair endings adapt?

Answer 17

rapidly adapting

Question 18

Which receptor category has crude awareness to joint movement tissues?

Answer 18

joint and muscle free nerve endings

Question 19

Receptors encode different sensory information based on their structure through a process called ________ .

Answer 19

transduction

Question 20

Transduction is the conversion of one form of energy (light, mechanical, etc) into ____________ that the nervous system can make sense of.

Answer 20

action potentials

Question 21

What is a receptor field?

Answer 21

Area innervated by receptors and the single sensory axon associated with them.

Question 22

If two points are applied to the same receptor field, what happens?

Answer 22

brain cannot differentiate - it only feels one input

Question 23

If two points are applied to two receptor fields, what happens?

Answer 23

brain CAN differentiate - it feels two separate inputs “2 point discrimination”

Question 24

Bigger receptor fields are associated with?

Answer 24

back, back of legs..

Question 25

smaller receptor fields are associated with?

Answer 25

fine motor areas... lips, hands...

Question 26

Crude touch, pain and temp on what kind of axon(s)?

Answer 26

unmyelinated and lightly myelinated axons.

Question 27

Discriminative touch, vibration, joint position on on what kind of axon(s)?

Answer 27

large myelinated axons

Question 28

Spinothalamic tract carries which signals?

Answer 28

crude touch, pain, and temperature | smaller axons

Question 29

Dorsal column medial lemniscal system carries which signals?

Answer 29

Fine, discriminative touch, vibration, proprioception | larger axons

Question 30

Early loss of sensation first affects?

Answer 30

vibration (attached to the largest axons)

Question 31

What is the fxn of cortical sensory association areas?

Answer 31

add recognition to simple sensory processing; combine receptors to conscious experience

Question 32

Babinski is also known as? What does positive response tell us?

Answer 32

extensor plantar response positive response = toes flare up indicates cortico-spinal lesion