Sensation and Perception Flashcards by ELIZABETH CAMARGO

What is the receptor/transductor for the sensory organ of eyes?

Rods and cones (retina) located inside the brains occipital lobe

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What is the receptor/transductor for the sensory organ of ears?

Hairs cells in the basilar membrane located inside the cochlea.

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What is the receptor/transductor for the sensory organ of nose?

Olfactory cilia located in the olfactory bulb

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What is the receptor/transductor for the sensory organ of mouth?

Cell (neurons) in the taste buds

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Our body’s ability to takin in physical energy from the outside world…

Sensation

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The brains interpretation that information…

perception

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Language of the brain…

neural impulse

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Translation form physical stimuli to neural impulses (transduce)…

Transduction

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Relationship between physical energy (sensation) and the brains interpretation of it (perception)…

Psycho physics

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Experimental psychologist…

Gustav Fetcher

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When stimulus is constant,you stop paying attention to it…

sensory adaptation

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Brain focuses your attention on 1-2 things at a time…

selective atention

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Brain is taking in multiple its of information simultaneously…

Parallel processing/ multilevels of processing

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When you are at a party and someone else says your name, automatically your attention zeros in on their voice…

cocktail party effect

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Detectable input from environment…

stimuli

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Aren’t able to see something because you are focused on something else…

inattentional blindness

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Height…

amplitude

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Distance between peaks…

wavelength

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Color…

hue –> wavelength

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Brightness/white

amplitude

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Lens changes shape automatically, it is also known as “pancakes in the distance”…

accomodation

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The ability to see objects near but not far away…

Nearsighted

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The ability to see objects far away but not close…

farsighted

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Clear spot in the retina, where cones are most commonly located…

forvea

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Help with night time vision takes 20-30 minutes to adjust...

rods

Color, clear, adapts quicker in darkness takes 20 minutes to adjust...

cones

What is located in front of the cones?

The ganglion and bipolar cells

What our eyes can't see which goes directly through the optic disk which does not allow it to go through the rods and cones therefore the brain can't interpret an image is called...

blind spot

The minimum amount of stimulus that you need to detect it...

absolute threshold

what you can see, hear, taste =

50%

The study of how psychical stimuli are translated in to psychological experience; sensation and perception

psycho physics

The amount something must change in order for a difference to be detected...

just noticeable difference (JND)

Smallest difference in stimulus intensity that specific sense can detect.

Difference threshold

States that the size of a JND is a constant proportion of the size of the initial stimulus...

webners law

Fetchner's brother in law...

Ernst Weber

Where do the optic nerves cross?

Optic chaism

Detection of stimuli that involves decision process as well as sensory process...

signal detection theory

signal detection theory consist of...

hit, miss, false alarm, correct rejection

Neurons in the brain that respond to very specific stimuli; found in the occipital lobe...

feature detectors

assumes that brain uses bottom-up processing...

feature analysis

parts to the whole...

bottom-up processing

takes the whole even when parts are missing, we see the whole first...

top-down preocessing

How we see patterns, means form or shape...

gestalt

"flip book" still frames presented so fast that the image is clear. This is a light perception issue...

phi phenomenon

Idea that up to a certain distance right and left eyes see differently...

Retinal disparity

Sensing the eyes convergence towards each other as they focus on closer objects...

convergence

when you use one eye...

monocular depth

When you use both eyes...

binocular depth

top-down processing... ex: white , color differs from the color it is written with.

stroop effect

Involuntary...

Sensory adaptation

Readiness to perceive a stimulus in a particular way...

Perceptual set

Stimuli that lie in the distance, far...

distil stimulus

Stimulus energy that impinge directly on sensory receptors, close...

Proximal stimulus

Visual illusion us top-down processing to make images make sense...

Change blindness

Involves an apparently inexplicable discrepancy between the appearance of visual stimulus and its physical reality...

Visual illusion

Results from a combination of size constancy processes and misperception of depth

Muller-Lyer illusion

Locating the source of a sound in space...

Auditory localization

Arrives at one ear first...

timing

Is louder in one ear...

volume

Sensory for taste...

gustation, gustatory system

primary taste...

sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umoni

system for smell...

olfactory system, olfaction

feeling pain, sometimes pain is blocked from getting through...

Gate-control theory

responds to gravity and keeps you informed of your body's location in space, bodies position...

vestibular sense

monitors the positions of the various parts of the body, parts of the body...

kinesthesia

movement of body parts...

movement sense

When you combine colors it removes wavelength of light, leaving less light than was originally there...

subtractive mixing

The combination of light which puts more light in the mixture than exists in any one light by itself...

additive mixing

Color vision holds that the human eye has three types of receptors (cones) with different sensitivities of different light waves...

Young-Hemholtz trichromatic theory

With red, green, blue you can make all other colors...

3 color receptors

Color vision holds that color perception depends on receptors that make antagonistic responses to 3 pairs of colors...

opponent process theory

Wavelength are also known as...

frequency -> pitch (hertz)

Amplitude is also known as...

volume (deibles)

the order sound travels through the ear is...

pinna -> auditory canal -> eardrum -> ossicle -> cochlea -> auditory nerve -> basilar membran

ear..

pinna

tympanic membrane nerve...

eardrum

hammer, anvil, stirrup...

ossicle

receptors in the cochlea...

basilar membrane

order in which light comes in...

retina -> rods and cones -> optic disk -> optic nerve -> thalamus -> occipital lobe

Sensation and Perception Flashcards

(79 cards)