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MCAT Behavioral Sciences > Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Sensation and Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Sensation

A

Conversion of physical, electromagnetic, auditory, and other info from internal and external environment into electrical signals in nervous system

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2
Q

Perception

A

Processing of sensory information to make sense of its significance

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3
Q

Absolute threshold

A

minimum of stimulus energy that is needed to activate a sensory system

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4
Q

Threshold of conscious perception

A

minimum of stimulus energy that creates a signal large enough in size and long enough in duration to be brought into awareness

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5
Q

Difference threshold or just noticeable difference

A

Minimum difference in magnitude between two stimuli before one can perceive this difference

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6
Q

Weber’s law

A

The JND for a stimulus is proportional to the magnitude of the stimulus and that this proportion is constant over most of the range of possible stimuli

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7
Q

Signal detection theory

A

Effect of non-sensory factors (experiences, motives, expectations) on perception of stimuli

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8
Q

Adaptation

A

decrease in response to a stimulus over time

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9
Q

Cornea

A

Gathers and filters incoming light

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10
Q

Iris

A

Colored part of the eye
Divides into anterior and posterior chambers

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11
Q

Lens

A

Refracts incoming light to focus it onto the retina and is held in place by suspensory ligaments connected to ciliary muscle

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12
Q

Retina

A

Contains rods (dim light) and cones (color)
Contains mostly cones in the macula (central visual field)

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13
Q

Fovea

A

At the center of the macula
Contains only cones
Most precise vision

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14
Q

Parallel processing

A

Ability to analyze and combine information simultaneously regarding color, shape, and motion

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15
Q

Parvocellular cells

A

Detect shape
High spatial resolution

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16
Q

Magnocellular cells

A

Detect Motion
High temporal resolution

17
Q

Cochela

A

Detects sound

18
Q

Utricle and saccule

A

Linear acceleration

19
Q

Semicircular canals

A

Rotational acceleration

20
Q

Auditory Pathway

A

Cochlea
Vestibulocochlear nerve and medial geniculate nucleus of thalamus
Auditory cortex of temporal lobe

21
Q

Smell

A

Detection of volatile or aerosolized chemicals by olfactory chemoreceptors in epithelium

22
Q

Olfactory pathway

A

Olfactory nerves
Olfactory bulb
Olfactory tract
Limbic system

23
Q

Visual pathway

A

Eye
Optic nerve
Optic chiasm
Optic tracts
Lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus
Visual radiations
Visual cortex

24
Q

Taste

A

Papillae detect taste
Sweet, salty, bitter, umami

25
Q

Somatosensation

A

Pressure
Vibration
Pain
Temperature

26
Q

Two-point threshold

A

Minimum distance necessary between two points of stimulation on the skin such that the points are felt as two distinct stimuli.

27
Q

Nocireceptors

A

Pain perception

28
Q

Gate theory of pain

A

States that pain sensation is reduced when other somatosensory signals are present

29
Q

Kinesthetic sense

A

refers to the ability to tell where one’s body is in three-dimensional space

30
Q

Bottoms up processing

A

Data driven
Recognition of objects by parallel processing and feature detection
Slow
Less prone to mistakes

31
Q

Top down processing

A

Conceptually driven
Recognition of object by memory and expectations with little attention to detail
Fast
More prone to mistake

32
Q

Gestalt principles

A

Brain infers missing parts of a picture when incomplete

33
Q

Law of Proximity

A

Elements close to one another perceived as aunit

34
Q

Law of similarity

A

Objects that are similar appear to be grouped together

35
Q

Law of good continuation

A

elements following same path tend to be grouped together

36
Q

Subjective contours

A

perception of nonexistent edges in figures based on surrounding visual cues

37
Q

Law of closure

A

Space is enclosed by a group of lines is perceived as a complete or closed line

38
Q

Law of pragnanz

A

perceptual organization is as regular, simple, and symmetrical as possible

MCAT Behavioral Sciences (11 decks)

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