Sensation And Perception

Question 1

The detection of physical energy emitted or reflected by physical objects.
It occurs when energy in the external environment or the body stimulates receptors in the sense organs.

Answer 1

Sensation

Question 2

Sensing a _________ is a detectable input from the environment:
1. Light—vision
2. Sound—hearing
3. Chemicals—taste and smell
4. Pressure, temperature, pain—sense of touch
5. Orientation, balance—kinesthetic senses

Answer 2

stimulus

Question 3

Specialized cells that convert physical energy in the environment or the body to electrical energy that can be transmitted as nerve impulses to the brain.

Answer 3

Sense receptors

Question 4

Sensory receptors:
Sensory receptors in the peripheral NS:
Impulses each cells of the brain:

Answer 4

> Scout
Field officers
Command centre

Question 5

Some physical stimuli that our bodies are sensitive to:

Answer 5

1. Light as experienced through vision
   Visible light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
   Properties of light
   i. Intensity
   ii. Wavelength
   iii. Complexity or purity
2. Sound as experienced through audition
   Properties of sound
   i. Intensity
   ii. Frequency
   iii. Wave form

Question 6

Sensation and Perception Processes

Answer 6

Stimulus energy>sensory receptors (Spinal Cord) >neural impulses>Brain

Question 7

The smallest quantity of physical energy that can be reliably detected by an observer.

Answer 7

Absolute Threshold

Question 8

The smallest difference in stimulation that can be reliably detected by an observer when two stimuli are compared;
Also called Just Noticeable Difference (JND).

Answer 8

Difference Threshold

Question 9

The reduction or disappearance of sensory responsiveness when stimulation is unchanging or repetitious.
Prevents us from having to continuously respond to unimportant information.

Answer 9

Adaptation

Question 10

absence of normal levels of sensory stimulation.

Answer 10

Deprivation

Question 11

The sequence of events that converts chemical signals into different sensations.

Answer 11

Transduction

Question 12

Overstimulation of the senses

Answer 12

Sensory overload

Question 13

Can use ______________ to reduce sensory overload.

The focusing of attention on selected aspects of the environment and the blocking out of others.

Answer 13

selective attention

Question 14

Protects eye and bends light toward lens.

Answer 14

Cornea

Question 15

Focuses on objects by changing shape.

Answer 15

Lens

Question 16

Controls amount of light that gets into eye

Answer 16

Iris

Question 17

Widens or dilates to let in more light.

Answer 17

Pupil

Question 18

Neural tissue lining the back of the eyeball’s interior, which contains the receptors for vision.

Answer 18

Retina

Question 19

Visual receptors that respond to dim light.

Answer 19

Rods

Question 20

Visual receptors involved in colour vision. Most humans have 3 types of ______.

Answer 20

Cones

Question 21

The slight difference in lateral separation between two objects as seen by the left eye and the right eye.

Answer 21

Retinal Disparity

Question 22

Turning inward of the eyes, which occurs when they focus on a nearby object.

Answer 22

Convergence

Question 23

Visual cues to depth or distance that require the use of both eyes.

Answer 23

Binocular Cues
Convergence and Retinal Disparity

Question 24

The Outer Ear
The ______ (pinna) is the visible portion of the outer ear. It collects sound waves and channels them into the _______ (external auditory meatus), where the sound is amplified.

Answer 24

auricle
ear canal

Question 25

The Middle Ear
The vibrations from the eardrum set the ______ into motion. The ________ are actually tiny bones — the smallest in the human body. The ________ further amplify the sound.

Answer 25

ossicles

Question 26

The Inner Ear
The sound waves enter the inner ear and then into the ______, a snail-shaped organ. The ______ is filled with a fluid that moves in response to the vibrations from the oval window.

Answer 26

cochlea

Question 27

The dimension of auditory experience related to the frequency of a pressure wave.

Answer 27

Pitch

Question 28

The distinguishing quality of sound; the dimension of auditory experience related to the complexity of the pressure wave.

Answer 28

Timbre

Question 29

Sounds from different directions are not identical as they arrive at left and right ears
Loudness
Timing
Phase
The brain calculates a sound’s location by using these differences.

Answer 29

Auditory Localization

Question 30

the special sense associated with the tongue.

Answer 30

Gustation

Question 31

the special sense associated with the tongue.

Answer 31

Gustation

Question 32

the special sense associated with the tongue.

Answer 32

Gustation

Question 33

covered with small bumps, called papillae, which contain taste buds that are sensitive to chemicals in ingested food or drink.

Answer 33

Tongue

Question 34

covered with small bumps, called papillae, which contain taste buds that are sensitive to chemicals in ingested food or drink.

Answer 34

Tongue

Question 35

covered with small bumps, called papillae, which contain taste buds that are sensitive to chemicals in ingested food or drink.

Answer 35

Tongue

Question 36

Nests of taste-receptor cells.

Answer 36

Taste buds

Question 37

detects and discriminate odors as well as social cues which influence our innate responses.

Answer 37

Olfaction

Question 38

The process by which the brain organizes and interprets sensory information.

Answer 38

Perception

Question 39

Perception, through this experience that we gain ______ about the environment around us.

Question 40

Types of Perception
- refers to the ability to identify and use social cues about people and relationships.
- is how we perceive certain societies and can be affected by things such asstereotypesand generalizations.
- involvespaying attention to some parts of our environment while ignoring others.

Answer 40

Person Perception
Social Perception
Selective Perception

Question 41

is how we perceive certain societies and can be affected by things such asstereotypesand generalizations.

Answer 41

ESP

Question 42

Extrasensory Perception (ESP):
The ability to perceive something without ordinary sensory information
This has not been scientifically demonstrated
Three types of ESP:
Telepathy – Mind-to-mind communication
Clairvoyance – Perception of remote events
Precognition – Ability to see future events

Answer 42

ESP