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AP Psychology > Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Sensation and Perception Flashcards

0
Q

What is perception?

A

This is the mental process representing awareness or understanding

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1
Q

What is sensation?

A

Detecting the world from your senses

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2
Q

What is an absolute threshold?

A

The minimum amount of stimulation that can be detected half the time

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3
Q

What is a subliminal threshold?

A

Perception of a stimulus that occurs without awareness or consciousness

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4
Q

What is a difference threshold?

A

The minimum difference between two stimuli that a person can detect

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5
Q

What does Weber’s law state?

A

The change in a stimulus that will be just noticeable is a constant ratio of the original stimulus

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6
Q

What is signal detection theory?

A

Our ability or likelihood to detect some stimulus is affected by the intensity of the stimulus and your physical or psychological state

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7
Q

What is sensory adaptation?

A

We get used to things

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8
Q

What is transduction?

A

Changing physical energy into electrical signals that can make their way to the brain

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9
Q

What is a cornea??

A

The transparent layer making up the outermost front part of the eye, covers everything

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10
Q

Bro, what’s is an iris?

A

A ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye and is responsible for controlling the size of the pupil opening

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11
Q

What is a retina?

A

The area in the back of the eye that contains your rods and cones.

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12
Q

What does the lens do?

A

When focusing on something it changes shape, then focuses the incoming light onto the retina

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13
Q

What is the Sclera? Huh????

A

The white part of the eye

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14
Q

What is accommodation? (Eye version)

A

The process by which the eye changes optical power to maintain clear focus on an object as it’s distance varies

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15
Q

What is an optic nerve?

A

It is behind the eyeball and transmits visual information to the brain

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16
Q

What is a blind spot?

A

A certain spot on the optic never that does not have any receptor cells, and as a result, cannot receive information

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17
Q

What is a fovea?

A

The central focal point in the retina in the eye around which the cones cluster

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18
Q

What are photoreceptors?

A

Rods and cones that are found in the retina of the eye?

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19
Q

What is the Trichromatic theory of color?

A

It’s a theory of how humans perceive color. The human retina contains 3 receptors: RGB (red green blue)

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20
Q

What is the ishihara test?

A

The test for people to find out if they’re color blind

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21
Q

What does the outer ear consist of?

A

The canal leading to the eardrum as well as the ear love and other visual structures

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22
Q

What is the middle ear?

A

The space between the eardrum and the inner ear, where 3 tiny bones are located; the malleus, meaning hammer, and anvil

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23
Q

What is the inner ear?

A

This contains the cochlea and the fluids for balance

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24
Q

What is the opponent process theory of color?

A

This theory suggests that color perception is controlled by the activity if two opponent systems

25
Q

What is the kinesthetic sense?

A

The ability to sense body position and the movements of muscles, tendons, and joints

26
Q

What is the body’s Vestibular sense?

A

This is the body’s set of mechanisms that adjust the body’s sense of balance and orientation to the world

27
Q

What is the olfactory nerve?

A

This is a brain structure responsible for our sense of smell

28
Q

What do rods do in the eye?

A

They are responsible for vision at low light levels

29
Q

What do cones do in the eye?

A

They are active at higher light levels and are capable of color vision

30
Q

What is selective attention?

A

Merely paying attention to something rather than another thing. (Like your friend in a noisy room)

31
Q

What are perceptual illusions?

A

The perception of something objectively existing in such a way as to cause misinterpretation of its actual nature

32
Q

How does Top-Down processing work?

A

Top down processing works by forming perceptions by starting with the larger concept and then working our way down to the finer details

33
Q

What is bottom up processing?

A

This suggests that we start perceiving elements with the smaller, more fine details and then building upward until we have a solid representation of it

34
Q

What is visual capture?

A

Our tendency to allow visual images to dominate our perception

35
Q

What is grouping?

A

Human’s tendency to organize stimuli into “groups”. (Right when we meet somebody we organize them by their: weight, height, race, attractiveness, etc…)

36
Q

What is closure?

A

This is a gestalt principle that explains how humans fill in visual gapes in order to perceive disconnected parts as a whole subject

37
Q

What is depth perception?

A

The ability to judge the distances of objects, which also allows us to see them in three dimensions

38
Q

What are binocular cues?

A

Humans are able to see things that are both far and near, and can identify where those objects are in space

39
Q

What is retinal disparity?

A

The difference between the visual images that each eye perceives because if the different angles in which each eye views the world

40
Q

How does Convergence affect the eyes?

A

In order to perceive depth properly, your eyes must move slightly inward

41
Q

What is Relative size?

A

Relative size is a perceptual clue which allows you to determine how close objects are to an object of unknown size

42
Q

What is relative size?

A

A perceptual clue which allows us to determine how close objects are to an object of unknown size

43
Q

What are monocular cues?

A

Cues of depth that can be detected by one eye instead of two

44
Q

What is interposition?

A

A visual signal that an object is closer than the ones behind it because the closer object covers part of the farther object

45
Q

What is relative clarity?

A

When an object seems closer when it is sharp and clear detailed. However, a hazy object may be seen as further away

46
Q

What is linear perspective?

A

It’s a depth cue that is related to both relative size and texture gradient. (This is the parallel lines getting further away look like they will touch)

47
Q

What does light and shadow mean?

A

Still don’t know

48
Q

What is motion perception?

A

The process of inferring the speed and direction of objects that move in a visual scene given some visual point

49
Q

What is the phi phenomenon?

A

When lights next to each other blinking appease to actually move

50
Q

What is perceptual constancy?

A

The ability to recognize that an object or organism has not changed although other stimuli has changed

51
Q

What is color constancy?

A

This is the gestalt principle of perception that suggests that the context in which an object we are viewing appears in, influences the way we perceive the color of that object

52
Q

What is perceptual adaptation?

A

The ability to adapt to an environment by filtering out distractions

53
Q

What is perceptual set?

A

This is the expectation of a person to see or perceive something based on prior experience

54
Q

What is extra sensory perception?

A

Weird stuff like telepathy, precognition, and clairvoyance

55
Q

What exactly IS telepathy?

A

A communication sent or received directly from one mind to another without using speech or any other signals (MIND READING)

56
Q

What is clairvoyance?

A

The SUPPOSED power to see objects or events that cannot be perceived by the senses

57
Q

What is precognition?

A

Supernormal knowledge of future events, with emphasis on predicting actual events

58
Q

What is sensory interaction?

A

Sensory interaction refers to the interaction of the senses to each other and how they influence each other

59
Q

What is olfaction?

A

Just a term talking about the sense of smell

60
Q

What is gestation?

A

That’s the sense of taste, like tasting steak… You need Gustation.

AP Psychology (4 decks)

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